“Actions speak louder than words” Today Nonverbal lecture Nonverbal exercise

Engaging in Non-Verbal Communication

Focus Questions What is nonverbal communication? What types of nonverbal behavior have scholars identified?

Nonverbal skills Eye contact Facial expression Posture Gesture Movement Harvard Sailing Club Leather commercial

Focus Questions How does nonverbal communication express cultural values? How can you improve your effectiveness in using and interpreting nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal Communication It includes all aspects of communication other than words Includes: gestures body language how we utter words features of environments objects

Nonverbal Communication Ray Birdwhistell (1970) and Albert Mehrabian (1981) stated: Nonverbal communication accounts for 65% to 93% of the total meaning of communication. Nonverbal Verbal

Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous Interacts with Verbal Communication Regulates Interaction Reflects Cultural Values

Nonverbal Communication Establishes Relationship-Level Meanings Responsiveness Liking Power

Types of Nonverbal Behaviors There are many kinds Each is used to create and interpret meanings Young & Travis focus Haptics Paralanguage Olfactics Kinesics Chronemics Proxemics Artifacts Setting

Kinesics Refers to body position and body motions, including those of the face Body postures and gestures may signal whether we are open to interaction The face is particularly powerful in conveying liking and responsiveness

Haptics Nonverbal communication involving physical touch Compared to men, women are more likely to engage in touch to show liking and intimacy Men are more likely than women to use touch to assert power and control

Physical Appearance Western culture places an extremely high value on it sex, skin color, size May have no factual basis, but can affect: personal and social relationships decisions about hiring, placement, and promotion. Cultures prescribe ideals and these vary across cultures. Western cultural ideals emphasize thinness in women and muscularity and height in men

Olfactics Is a term for our perception of odors and scents Smell is a form of communication Scents we choose to wear can be personal signatures Pheromones – may affect sexual attraction

Artifacts Personal objects we use – to announce our identities – to personalize our environments Clothing is one of the most common forms Expresses our cultural and ethnic identities Can announce one’s profession

Proxemics Refers to space and how we use it. Status, culture, interaction needs, interdependency, power relationships

Proxemics Public space Social distance arms length to 3 feet Personal space 12 inches to arms length Intimate distance 0-12 inches

Environmental (setting) Factors Elements of settings that affect how we feel, think, and act We choose colors, furniture arrangements, and other things to create the atmosphere we desire

Chronemics Refers to how we perceive and use time to define identities and interaction Western societies value time and speed The length of time reflects – the extent of our interest for someone – affection for that person

Paralanguage Communication that is vocal but not actual words Includes sounds: murmurs & gasps vocal qualities Volume Rhythm Pitch Inflection

Silence A lack of communicated sound Can communicate powerful messages. Can convey contentment Can also communicate awkwardness

Guidelines for Effective Nonverbal Communication Monitor your nonverbal communication Interpret others’ nonverbal communication tentatively Personal qualifications Contextual qualifications

Cultural components

Body movement

Summary Nonverbal Communication-sending & receiving messages without words; Establishes Relationship-Level Meanings Principles of Nonverbal Communication Types of Nonverbal Communication Guidelines for Effective Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal skills Eye contact Facial expression Posture Gesture Movement Harvard Sailing Club Leather commercial

Homework 1. Describe the nonverbal communication AND expectations at WORK (roles, etc.) 2. Give examples of nonverbal comm. —Are they masking their true feelings? 3. Change the dynamic: eye contact, proximity, etc.

Homework 1. Describe the nonverbal communication AND expectations at HOME, MALL, etc. (roles, etc.) 2. Give examples of nonverbal comm. —Are they masking their true feelings? 3. Change the dynamic: eye contact, proximity, timing, body language, etc.

Quiz Chapters 4, 10, questions= multiple choice & lagniappe 50 points

Types of Nonverbal Behaviors Know Definitions and examples Physical appearance Environmental factors Haptics Paralanguage Olfactics Kinesics Chronemics Proxemics Artifacts % of use

Chapter 10 - persuasion Define and apply (examples) Persuasion Reinforce, actuate, convince, 50% rule Audience analysis

Chapter 11-persuasion Appeals & claims Inductive reasoning Monroe’s motivated sequence Statement of reason Comparative-advantages Problem –solution Keys