Introduction to Climate and Environmental Physics HS 2014 Lecture II Christoph Raible, Markus Leuenberger, Fortunat Joos and Thomas Stocker.

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Introduction to Climate and Environmental Physics HS 2014 Lecture II Christoph Raible, Markus Leuenberger, Fortunat Joos and Thomas Stocker

Normalised λ E λ

= = = 239

Top of atmosphere (TOA) Net Short Wave (W/m2)

Top of atmosphere (TOA) Net Long wave (W/m2)Net total (W/m2)

At the surface Net short wave (W/m2)Net Long wave (W/m2) Net total (W/m2)

Sensible heat flux (W/m2)Latent heat flux (W/m2)

Global warming GHG concentrations in the atmosphere trap the long wave outgoing radiation of the surface There is a fast feedback of a warming atmosphere on its water vapor content Feedback of the surface albedo, e.g. sea ice, deforestation, … Aerosol concentrations lead to scattering and absorption of incoming radiation and affects the cloud building process Natural changes, e.g., solar activity, volcanos, orbital parameters