A Strong Start for the Nation ( ) *Federal Government Established *Dealing with a Dangerous World

The First President 1789 Unanimous decision

Business during Washington’s First Term Bill of Rights Judiciary Act – court system Departments: State, War, Treasury Cabinet

Restoring the Nation’s Credit War debts Insufficient Funds Hamilton’s Ideas: Capitalism: free market, private Pay off national debt ($77 million) Pay off state debts Create a national bank (1791)

Ways to gain Money Tariffs Tax on whiskey Whiskey Rebellion: Hurt western farmers – used surplus grain to make whiskey 1794 Congress passed bill to collect taxes Attacks on officials and 6,000 march on Philadelphia Militia from four states put down the rebellion

Conflict on the Frontier Northwest Territory Little Turtle Anthony Wayne Battle of Fallen Timbers (OH) Treaty of Greenville: U.S. title to lands in OH and IN Indians receive $20,000 in goods and acknowledgment of lands

Interpreting the Constitution Strict Construction: Government can do only what the Constitution specifically allows (Jefferson) Loose Construction: Within broad limits the government can do anything the Constitution does not specifically forbid (Hamilton).

Section 6.1 Review Washington Big Developments Financial Crisis Whiskey Rebellion US and Native American Relations Ways to Interpret the Constitution

French Revolution Major consequences for American politics. Disrupted American trade Threatened to draw us into war France and Britain seized American ships headed for enemy ports British impressment Washington forbid U.S. support for any nation.

Negotiating Peace Jay’s Treaty: British agree to abandon NW forts U.S. agrees to pay debts Did not get Britain to stop arming Indians, impressing, or stealing ships. Pinckney’s Treaty: Recognized southern boundary of U.S. with Spanish Florida as the 31 st parallel U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi Right of deposit (New Orleans)

Election of 1796 Washington chooses not to run: speaks against alliances & parties Sectionalism: loyalty to part of country Federalists (Hamilton and Adams) Democratic-Republican (Jefferson and Madison)

Federalists Federalists: Merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, church leaders Northeast Favor strong national government and development of commerce

Democratic-Republicans Planters, small farmers, wage earners, artisans, workers, trades Frontier, south, Midwest Protect states’ rights Individual liberties Fear strong national government Would become Republican party (not connected with today)

Federalists vs. Republicans Federalists candidates: John Adams (President) Thomas Pinckney Republican candidates: Thomas Jefferson (VP) Aaron Burr

Foreign & Domestic Conflicts French seized American ships bound for British ports XYZ Affair (1797):French demands Apologize for anti-French remarks Multimillion-dollar loan Bribe of $240,000

Reaction to XYZ War preparations Created navy Built warships Fortified harbors Strengthened the army Unofficial war in the Caribbean

Alien & Sedition Acts Alien Act: Authorized President to imprison or expel any aliens seen as threat Sedition Act: Fine or jail to anyone who wrote, said, printed anything bad about the government. Others: Immigrants must live in country 14 years to get citizenship.

Republican Reactions Alien and Sedition Acts passed by Federalists. Many Republican newspaper editors and politicians arrested Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions: denounced both laws as unconstitutional.

6.2 Review Relations with Britain and Spain Creation of parties Election of 1796 XYZ Affair Reaction to XYZ Affair Alien & Sedition Acts