Chapter 1-3 Review Key Concepts. Chapter 1 The Science of Psychology.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1-3 Review Key Concepts

Chapter 1 The Science of Psychology

What is Psychology ? The Fields of Psychology Developmental Psychology Study of how people change over time Physiological Psychology Study of how biology controls behavior Experimental Psychology Perform experiments to study psychology Personality Psychology Study of how people differ from one another

The Fields of Psychology (cont.) Clinical and Counseling Psychology Study and treatment of psychological disorders Social Psychology Study of how people influence one another Study of group behavior Industrial and Organization (I/O) Psychology Study of psychological principles in industry and business

The Growth of Psychology The "New Psychology": A Science of the Mind Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener: Structuralism Basic units of experience William James Functionalism Studied how we use perception to function in its environment. Sigmund Freud: Psychodynamic psychology Individual unconscious factors John B. Watson: Behaviorism Studied only observable behaviors B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism revisited Expanded behaviorism

Ch. 2 The Biological Basis of Behavior

Neurons: The Messengers A.Dendrites Carries information to the cell body B.Cell Body Also called soma C.Axon Carries information to the next cell D.Myelin Sheath Covers axon Insulates Speeds up impulse E.Sensory - Afferent

The Neural Impulse or Action Potential A.Ions Charged molecules B.Resting Potential Potential Energy C.Polarization/ Depolarization Away/toward zero (neutral) D.Action Potential Sudden change in charge E.Graded Potentials Subthreshold stimulation Summation

F.Threshold of Excitation Results in Action Potential G.All-or-None Law Cells either fire or not (no halfway) H.Absolute Refractory Period Another Action Potential cannot occur I.Relative Refractory Period Neuron would only respond to very strong impulse

Ch. 3 - Sensation and Perception Sensation - The experience of sensory stimulation Perception - The process of creating meaningful patterns from raw sensory information

The Nature of Sensory Processes A.The Basic Process Receptor Cell- A specialized cell that responds to a particular type of energy B.Sensory Thresholds Absolute The least amount of energy that can be detected 50% of the time Adaptation An adjustment of the senses to the level of stimulation

Difference The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 % of the time Subliminal perception Below our level of awareness Extrasensory perception Extraordinary perception such as sensing the future