biology 1.The science that studies living organisms 2. Characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms

BIOTA Encompasses all the life on earth and their environment BIOSPHERE All the FLORA and FAUNA of a particular region

Characteristics of Organisms Cellular Organization

Stem Cells

Properties of stem cells Stem cells = are cells found in most, if not all, multi- cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse range of specialized cell types -Self-Renewal -Potency

Movement

Adaptation

Life Span and Development Chicken, white-tailed deer, goat - 8 years Kangaroo - 7 years Chipmunk - 6 years Beaver, domestic rabbit - 5 years Guinea pig, hamster - 4 years Mouse - 3 years Opossum - 1 year Worker bee - 5 weeks Adult housefly - 4 weeks

Alligator, chimpanzee, African parrot, humpback whale - 50 years African elephant - 35 years Dolphin, gorilla - 30 years Horse, snake - 20 years Black bear - 18 years Tiger - 16 years Lion, lobster, domestic cat, cow, tarantula, - 15 years Domestic dog - 13 years Camel, moose, sheep - 12 years Ferret, giraffe, pig, squirrel - 10 years

Extreme Life Spans These animals have far exceeded their life expectancy. This does not happen often, so they are worth mentioning. Parrot - 80 years Elephant - 69 years Alligator - 68 years Catfish - 60 years Eagle, eel, giant salamander - 55 years Horse - 50 years Cobra - 28 years Queen ant - 15 years

Reproduction

In vitro Fertilization (IVF) Factors to Consider Age: Women younger than 35 years who do not have problems with their partners' sperm may try IVF. Multiple births: Generally, in women who use IVF to establish a live birth, about 63% are single babies, 32% are twins, and 5% are triplets or more. Cost: One cycle of IVF costs an average of $12,400. Reduced surgery: If a woman has IVF, she may not have to undergo surgery on her fallopian tubes. It is estimated that the IVF technique has reduced such surgeries by half. Safety: Studies suggest that in vitro fertilization is safe. A recent study covered nearly 1,000 children conceived through these methods in 5 European countries and found that the children, monitored from birth to age 5 years, were as healthy as children conceived naturally. However, other studies have found a slightly increased risk of genetic disorders in children conceived through assisted reproductive technologies.

The term test tube baby is often used to refer to children conceived with this technique. The first so-called test tube baby, Louise Brown, reached age 25 years in She was born in England

Cloning

Constant Energy Requirement

Response to Stimuli

Definite Form and Size Range

Unique Chemical Organization

Metabolism –Anabolism –Catabolism Capability to Grow –Accretion –Intussusceptions