RICE Rice – Oryza sativa World’s No. 1 food cereal. Nutritious. Sacred grain in many regions. Valuable commodity.

Any cultivated species process of origin is called evolution. Rice have 24spp. There two cultivated spp. Is spp.o. sativa and o. glaberima. Total 22 wild spp. has wild. De condole(1886) the parent of O. sativa is rufipogon spp.(Perennial wild) Rufipogon originated south and south east Asia. O. Glabirima there also called African Rice. There origin is West Africa. This spp. Parent is O. breviligulata Evolution

HISTORY First sign of cultivation about 5500 years ago in China. Cultivation spread to parts of India, Iran, Iraq, Egypt and eventually to Japan around 500 B.C. First cultivated in U.S. along coastal regions from S. Carolina to Texas in First grown in Arkansas in Today, 92% of rice grown and consumed in Asia.

Taxonomy Kingdom - Plantae Sub-Kingdom - Tracheobionta Division - Magnoliopata Class - Lililopsida Order - Cyperales Family - Poacea Genus - Oryza Species - sativa L. glaberrima

GENOTYPES OF RICE 1.Oryza sativa var. indica. Mostly long grain types grown in Arkansas and the southeast. 2. Oryza sativa var. japonica. Mostly short and medium grain types grown in Asia and California, preferred types in the Asian markets. 3. Red rice. Oryza sativa - #1 WEED!

Warm season annual, C3 grass. Aerenchyma vessels. Shallow root system. 4-6 months growing season. 50 ℉ minimum growing temperature in water consumption per month. Growth can be predicted by DD50 model. Botany

This is an annual grass with erect culm usually having four to five tiller per plant.It is semi-aquatic crop. The common cultivated rice plant is an annual which usually growth height of a meter to a height of half a metre to two mitres. Rice plant can be divided into two main parts:- 1.Vegetative character: 1.Roots:- The roots of rice is adventitious and fibrous. 2.Culm:-Rice culm are usually hallow except at the nodes. It each node bears a leaf and a bud. 3. Leaves:- The leaves of rice are sessile, simple, narrow & pointed in nature. In the rice ligule is very prominent usually more than 1 cm. Botanical Description

Floral biology:- The inflorescence of paddy is a terminal panicle. The spikelet's are born on the secondary branches of panicle. It has a perfect flower,which are interlocking.Large boat shaped lemma and palea are also present in the flower. The reproductive parts androecium(stamens) consists of six stamens with the bi-lobed anthers. The Gynoecium is mono- carpellary with superior ovary having a single style and plumose bifid stigma. At the base of the ovary two thin membranous and hygroscopic, triangular structure known as lodicules are present,which in flower opening. 2. Floral character

The genes oryza include 24 species of which 22 are wild and two normally oryza sativa and o. glaberrima are cultivated. The sativaice varieties of the world are commonly grouped into three sub species :- 1.Indica:-Rice grown in indicia belong to the indica sub species. 2.Japonica :- The varities developed in Japan belong to this sub species. 3.Javanica:-This are found meanly in indonesia.

1.Oriza nivara. 13. O.ridleyi. 2.O.rufipogan 14. O.brachantha. 3.O.latifolia 15. O.schlecher. 4.O.alata 16. O.meyeriane. 5.O.meridionalis 17. O.punntata. 6.O.longistaminata 18. O. officinalis 7.O.glumarpatula. 19. O. granulata. 8.O.grandig lumis 20. O.longiglumis 9.O.barthii 10.O.australiensis. 11.O.cichigeri. 12.O.minua.

RICE ECOSYSTEM TYPES UPLAND LOWLAND DEEPWATER

Why Hybrid Rice?  Heterosis (Hybrid vigor) Application to Increase: Productivity (yield/unit/time, 15-20% of yield advantage), and Economic returns  Heterosis A universal phenomenon that F1 generation shows superiority to both parents in agronomic traits or yield It presents in all biological systems and has been exploited commercially in many agricultural crops.

What is Hybrid Rice? The first generation offspring of a rice cross between two genetically diverse parents

How Hybrid Rice? Normal Rice Spikelet (self pollinated crop) Sterile Rice Spikelet (Male Sterility) Hybrid Seed Production (Male Sterile x Normal Rice)

What are the breeding objectives? High Yield Potential Short Growth Duration Superior Grain Quality Multiple disease and insect resistance Choice of Parents?

 The pedigree method owes its name to the pedigree record of selected plants maintained to trace ancestral relationship among such plants A detailed description of present day pedigree method was outlined by Love (1927) Pedigree Method

In this method individual plants are selected starting with F 2 and in the subsequent segregating generations their progenies are tested till the progenies become homozygous. During entire operation a record of all parent-offspring relationship is kept: PEDIGREE RECORD In this method each progeny in every generation can be traced back to the original F 2 plant Pedigree describes parents, grandparents, great-grandparents,... Pedigree Method

Rice Crop Growth Stages Flood, 5 leaf Panicle initiation Grain fill

TYPES OF RICE KERNEL SIZE LONG GRAIN SHORT GRAIN MEDIUM GRAIN ‘WILD RICE’ THIS IS NOT RICE!

Presented by Fanish kumar Sumit gain Tarun sahu Seema haldhar Tularam sahu Lachhindhar Gurla jampanna

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