Origin of life

One Theory Organic molecules formed in water (ocean) –Carbon- carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acid Protocells formed –Amino acids with characteristics of cells Prokaryotic cells formed from protocells –Heterotophic, chemosynthetic then photosynthetic Eukaryotic cells formed from prokaryotic cells

Evolution A change in populations over time

I. Charles Darwin ( ) –A–At 21 years old, took a job as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle (boat) for 5 years –D–Decided that organisms struggle to survive (food, space, predators mates and shelter) –C–Came up with the idea of natural selection –1–1859 wrote the book On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection Organisms best suited for an environment will survive and reproduce passing their “good genes” on to the next generation (those that aren’t suited will die) –H–His studies led to the Theory of Evolution

Darwin’s Finches Birds he studied in the Galapogos Islands –Common ancestors but different body and lifestyles

II.Evidence that Supports Evolution (4 types used together) 1.Fossil records show changes of one type of organism over time Hippos Whales Mesonychids Ambulocetus Rodhocetus Basilocetus

2.Anatomy – comparing structures of organisms –Vestigial structures Structures with no use –Human appendix or a whales pelvis –Homologous structures (structures that are the same Bird wing and human arms

Human limbs have a particular set of bones Cat limbs have the same set of bones Whale limbs have the same set of bones Bat wings have the same set of bones Homologous Structures

3.Embrology – similarities in growth and development of embryos –Fish, reptiles, birds and mammals all have similarities

4.Biochemistry – compares DNA and amino acid sequences for similarities