CHAPTER 10 Gender

Historical Perspectives George Jorgensen Christine Jorgensen

Variations in Biological Sex Klinefelter SyndromeTurner Syndrome

Intersexuality

Biology & Gender Development  Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia  Universally, children prefer same-sex friends  Animals separate into same-sex groups

Socialization & Gender Identity

Transgender Identity

Sex Reassignment Surgery MTF surgery:  Penectomy (removal of penis)  Uroplasty (rerouting urethra)  Orchiectomy (removal of the testicles)  Vaginoplasty (use of penile skin to create a labia & vagina)  Breast Implants (if they aren’t adequate from hormones alone)  Chondrolaryngoplasty (optional: reduce the size of adam’s apple)  Phonosurgery (optional: raises voice pitch) FTM surgery:  Mastectomy (removal of breast/reduction in nipple size)  Hysterectomy (removal of uterus, fallopian tubes & ovaries)  Metadioplasty (creation of an erectile phallus from the clitoris)  Phalloplasty (creation of a penis; requires a penile implant)  Uroplasty (rerouting of urethra)  Scrotoplasty (reshaping labia to make a scrotum with prosthetic testicles)

Childhood Transgender Identity

Gender & Sexual Orientation

Gender Roles & Stereotypes

The “Truth” About Gender Stereotypes Stereotypes supported by science:  when it comes to sex women are emotional & men are visual  men are more tolerant of casual sex  men masturbate more than women  men feel less guilty about pre-marital sex  men are less disapproving of extramarital sex  men think about sex more than women  men are more likely to have sex without an emotional attachment  men have stronger sexual drive & desire than women  men are more aggressive universally  women are more intuitive  in communication, men want to “fix it” and women want support & understanding