J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 1 LUSI Overview J. B. Hastings Science Opportunities Project Description Project Management Risk Assessment Summary Science Opportunities Project Description Project Management Risk Assessment Summary

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 2 LCLS Parameters

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 3 Process to define LCLS science Atomic, molecular and optical science (AMOS) Diffraction studies of stimulated dynamics (pump-probe) (XPP) Coherent-scattering studies of nanoscale fluctuations (XCS) Nano-particle and single molecule coherent x-ray imaging (CXI) High energy density science (HEDS) Aluminum plasma classical plasma dense plasma high den. matter G=1 Density (g/cm -3 ) G =10 G=100 t=0 t=  SLAC Report 611 Letters of Intent  LCLS Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) review July 2004  Defined Thrust Areas

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 4 Studies of laser-excited transient states Chemical reactions, and structural phase transitions, involve sub-picosecond rearrangements of atoms. Typical sound speed - 1Å in 100 fs Many of these reactions can be triggered by an optical laser pulse, and can be ‘precisely synchronized’ with the LCLS x-ray pulse. The ultrafast x-ray pulses can be used to take snap-shot measurements of the mean positions atoms and thus produce atomic scale movies of atoms in motion. Chemical reactions, and structural phase transitions, involve sub-picosecond rearrangements of atoms. Typical sound speed - 1Å in 100 fs Many of these reactions can be triggered by an optical laser pulse, and can be ‘precisely synchronized’ with the LCLS x-ray pulse. The ultrafast x-ray pulses can be used to take snap-shot measurements of the mean positions atoms and thus produce atomic scale movies of atoms in motion.

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 5 Short Pulse Laser Excitation Impulsively Modifies Potential Energy Surfaces Non-thermal melting of InSb Coherent phonons in Bi

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 6 Ultrafast X-ray Scattering Provides Direct Access to Atomic Motion on non-Equilibrium Potential Energy Surfaces …characterizes the shape of the potential D.M. Fritz, et al. Science 315, 633 (2007).A. Lindenberg, et al. Science 308, 392 (2005).

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 7 Imaging of biomolecules and other nano-particles X-ray scattering has long been used to determine atomic structures. However, to avoid radiation damage limitations, protein crystallographers require that their samples form crystals. LCLS offers an alternative approach. A very intense and very short LCLS x-ray pulse could be focused onto a single molecule, which would be destroyed – but not before the scattered x-rays are already on their way to the detector carrying the information needed to deduce the image. This technique offers the possibility of determining structures for samples which do not form crystals, including important classes of biological macromolecules. X-ray scattering has long been used to determine atomic structures. However, to avoid radiation damage limitations, protein crystallographers require that their samples form crystals. LCLS offers an alternative approach. A very intense and very short LCLS x-ray pulse could be focused onto a single molecule, which would be destroyed – but not before the scattered x-rays are already on their way to the detector carrying the information needed to deduce the image. This technique offers the possibility of determining structures for samples which do not form crystals, including important classes of biological macromolecules.

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 8 First image reconstructed from an ultrafast FEL diffraction pattern 1st shot at full power 2nd shot at full power Reconstructed Image – achieved diffraction limited resolution! Wavelength = 32 nm 1 micron SEM of structure etched into silicon nitride membrane Chapman et al. Nature Physics (2006) Edge of membrane support also reconstructed

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 9 First X-ray imaging of unstained biological cells ‘on-the-fly’ Single shot ~10 fs diffraction pattern recorded at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of a picoplankton organism. This cell was injected into vacuum from solution, and shot through the beam at 200 m/s Resolution length (nm) Scattering Amplitude 1 micron Image reconstructed using Shrinkwrap Reconstruction is the average of the 5 best fits to the measured amplitude

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 10 Nano-scale dynamics of condensed matter Complex dynamics at the nanometer to micrometer scale lie at the frontier of research in condensed matter. Viscoelastic flow of liquids, polymer diffusion, domain switching, and countless other collective processes show both fast and slow equilibrium dynamics, revealed by x-ray correlation spectroscopy Using the coherence and the narrow pulse duration of the LCLS will enable the study of fluctuations in condensed matter systems at the nanoscale and over a wide range of time scales. Complex dynamics at the nanometer to micrometer scale lie at the frontier of research in condensed matter. Viscoelastic flow of liquids, polymer diffusion, domain switching, and countless other collective processes show both fast and slow equilibrium dynamics, revealed by x-ray correlation spectroscopy Using the coherence and the narrow pulse duration of the LCLS will enable the study of fluctuations in condensed matter systems at the nanoscale and over a wide range of time scales.

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 11 transversely coherent X-ray beam sample XCS using ‘Sequential’ Mode Milliseconds to seconds time resolution Uses high average brilliance t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 monochromator “movie” of speckle recorded by CCD 1

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 12 X-ray speckle – movie mode at ESRF Detector – Perkin Elmer APD, resolution ~ 4ns Autocorrelator with sampling intervals down to 12.5 ns Overall technical cutoff ns Bunch spacing 2.8 ns Detector – Perkin Elmer APD, resolution ~ 4ns Autocorrelator with sampling intervals down to 12.5 ns Overall technical cutoff ns Bunch spacing 2.8 ns Autocorrelation function of 4O.8 membranes at the specular position q z 2.2 nm -1 (d =2.86 nm) for several film thicknesses Irakli Sikharulidze et al., PRL 88, (2002)

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 13 transversely coherent X-ray pulse from FEL sample Femtoseconds to nanoseconds time resolution uses high peak brilliance sum of speckle patterns from prompt and delayed pulses recorded on CCD splitter variable delay Contrast Analyze contrast as f(delay time) XCS at LCLS using ‘Split Pulse’ Mode

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 14 LCLS parameter needs Short Pulse Large per pulse intensity Coherence XPP XX CXI XXX XCS XXX

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 15 LUSI Scope CD-0 : Instruments for 3 thrust areas Coherent x-ray imaging, Pump probe and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy Plan presented at January 2007 Lehman review Action item: By March 1, 2007 provide a plan to DOE that provides instrumentation for science at CD-4 for LCLS Further guidance: Focus in priority order on hard x-ray instruments for Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI), X-ray Pump- Probe (XPP), X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XCS) March 2007 LCLS SAC fully endorses the March 1 scope and plan for early science with LCLS LUSI now has 3 hard x-ray instruments: CXI, XPP and XCS CD-0 : Instruments for 3 thrust areas Coherent x-ray imaging, Pump probe and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy Plan presented at January 2007 Lehman review Action item: By March 1, 2007 provide a plan to DOE that provides instrumentation for science at CD-4 for LCLS Further guidance: Focus in priority order on hard x-ray instruments for Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI), X-ray Pump- Probe (XPP), X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XCS) March 2007 LCLS SAC fully endorses the March 1 scope and plan for early science with LCLS LUSI now has 3 hard x-ray instruments: CXI, XPP and XCS

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview SXR Imag 2AMOS (LCLS) 3XPP Full instrument 4XCS Full instrument 5CXI Full instrument 6HEDS 1SXR Imag 2AMOS (LCLS) 3XPP Full instrument 4XCS Full instrument 5CXI Full instrument 6HEDS LCLS LUSI HEDS (NNSA) Offset Monochromator Exp. Chamber Detector Beam Transport Project description (1)

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 17 NEH and Hutch 1

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 18 Project description (2) XPP WBS 1.2 LCLS AMOS XPS Offset Monochromator WBS 1.4 X-ray transport tunnel XCS WBS 1.4 HEDS (outside Funding) CXI WBS 1.3 SXR imaging

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 19 Project description (3) WBS 1.2 XPP

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 20 Project description (4) WBS 1.3 CXI

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 21 Project description (5) WBS 1.4 XCS

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 22 Project description (6) WBS 1.5 Diagnostics

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 23 Project description (7) WBS 1.6 Controls and Data System Detector Control Node Quick View Rendering Node Disk Arrays/ Controller Tape Drives/ Robots Volume Rendering Node Volume Rendering Cluster ADC FPGA On-line Data Server SCCS LUSI 4 x 2.5 Gbit/s fiber Off-line Data Server 2D Detector DAQ Box 10–G Ethernet Accelerator 120Hz Data Exchange & Timing Interface

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 24 Project description (8) Prime performance parameters X-ray pump probe instrument (XPP) 4-24 keV operation with pump laser 2-d detector with 1024x 1024pixels Large dynamic range, moderate pixel size Coherent x-ray imaging instrument (CXI) 4-24 keV operation with focused beam 2-d detector with 760 x 760 pixels Moderate pixel size, central hole X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XCS) 4-24 keV operation 2-d detector with 1024 x 1024pixels Very low noise, small pixel Prime performance parameters X-ray pump probe instrument (XPP) 4-24 keV operation with pump laser 2-d detector with 1024x 1024pixels Large dynamic range, moderate pixel size Coherent x-ray imaging instrument (CXI) 4-24 keV operation with focused beam 2-d detector with 760 x 760 pixels Moderate pixel size, central hole X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XCS) 4-24 keV operation 2-d detector with 1024 x 1024pixels Very low noise, small pixel

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 25 LUSI organization for CD-1 Team Leaders LCLS-LUSI Detector Advisory Committee G. Derbyshire, Chair ES&H R. Hislop PMCS – H. Leung QA-D.Marsh LCLS FAC Photon Sub-panel P. Fuoss, Chair LUSI-LCLS Interface Working Group J. Arthur, J. Hastings Co-Chair LCLS Procurement – D. Pindroh LCLS Science Advisory Committee R. Falcone, Chair LCLS

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 26 Team Leaders AMOS L. Di Mauro, Ohio State University (leader) N. Berrah, Western Michigan University Pump-Probe K. Gaffney, Photon Science-SLAC (leader) D. Reis, University of Michigan T. Tschentscher, DESY J. Larsson, Lund Institute of Technology A. Nilsson, Photon Science-SLAC (SXR) XCS B. Stephenson, ANL (leader) K. Ludwig, Boston University G. Grübel, DESY Imaging J. Hajdu, Photon Science-SLAC, Uppsala University (leader) H. Chapman, LLNL J. Miao, UCLA J. Lüning, U. Paris (SXR) HEDS R. Lee, LLNL (leader) P. Heimann, LBNL AMOS L. Di Mauro, Ohio State University (leader) N. Berrah, Western Michigan University Pump-Probe K. Gaffney, Photon Science-SLAC (leader) D. Reis, University of Michigan T. Tschentscher, DESY J. Larsson, Lund Institute of Technology A. Nilsson, Photon Science-SLAC (SXR) XCS B. Stephenson, ANL (leader) K. Ludwig, Boston University G. Grübel, DESY Imaging J. Hajdu, Photon Science-SLAC, Uppsala University (leader) H. Chapman, LLNL J. Miao, UCLA J. Lüning, U. Paris (SXR) HEDS R. Lee, LLNL (leader) P. Heimann, LBNL

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 27 ES&H Safety is fundamental to the success of the project and will be integral in the design from the start At this conceptual stage we have initiated the peer safety review process NEPA covered under LCLS PHAR has been developed Identifies the hazards Based on the breadth of experience at similar facilities across the complex The safety issues are common to many instruments operating today at SR sources Safety is fundamental to the success of the project and will be integral in the design from the start At this conceptual stage we have initiated the peer safety review process NEPA covered under LCLS PHAR has been developed Identifies the hazards Based on the breadth of experience at similar facilities across the complex The safety issues are common to many instruments operating today at SR sources

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 28 Quality Assurance Quality Implementation Plan, SLAC Document PM R0 released in July ’07. Consistent with DOE Order 414.1C and the SLAC Office of Assurance “Quality Implementation Procedure Requirements “SLAC-I-770-0A17S-001-R000” Addresses the following, QA Program Personnel Training and Qualification Quality Improvement Documents and Records Work Processes Design Procurement Inspection & Testing Management Assessment Independent Assessment Quality Implementation Plan, SLAC Document PM R0 released in July ’07. Consistent with DOE Order 414.1C and the SLAC Office of Assurance “Quality Implementation Procedure Requirements “SLAC-I-770-0A17S-001-R000” Addresses the following, QA Program Personnel Training and Qualification Quality Improvement Documents and Records Work Processes Design Procurement Inspection & Testing Management Assessment Independent Assessment

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 29 PriorFY2007FY2008FY2009FY2010FY2011FY March 1, 2007 Action Item Planning Assumptions 1) Funding profile 2)Instrument priorities 1)Coherent Imaging including particle injector 2)X-ray pump-probe including sample environments 3)XCS complete to extent possible within funding 3) Establish a phased approach

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 30 CXI Phase I instrument - Hutch 5 X-ray beam focusingBe lens system for 1 and 2 micron foci Sample chamberSample diagnostics (ion and electron time of flight, visible light), raster stage for supported sample, port for particle injector, detector stage Beam diagnostics Control system DetectorUtilize LCLS 2 dimensional detector Delivered at CD-4a

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 31 XPP Phase I instrument - Hutch 3 X-ray beam focusingBe lens system 8 circle diffractometer Laser opticsShare the laser system with the AMOS experiment Beam diagnosticsElectro-optic timing sensing Control system Detectorprototype of LCLS 2-d detector Delivered at CD-4a

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 32 Major technical challenges beyond SR experiments Diagnostics to measure the pulse by pulse (120 hz) fluctuations in the electron beam and intrinsic fluctuations in the SASE process Large (1k x1k) 2-dim detectors that can be read out pulse by pulse Peak data rate from the 2-dim detectors ~ 2 Gigabit/s Online data processing Real time display of data Sample environments – particle injector X-ray optics – novel optics and sub microradian tolerances Diagnostics to measure the pulse by pulse (120 hz) fluctuations in the electron beam and intrinsic fluctuations in the SASE process Large (1k x1k) 2-dim detectors that can be read out pulse by pulse Peak data rate from the 2-dim detectors ~ 2 Gigabit/s Online data processing Real time display of data Sample environments – particle injector X-ray optics – novel optics and sub microradian tolerances

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 33 Major risks RiskCategoryMitigation XPP diffractometer delivery late ScheduleUse diffractometer from the very successful SPPS experiment. Reduced performance, adequate for early studies LCLS detector is late (CXI) ScheduleCommercial alternatives with reduced performance (beamstop required, 1 hz readout) XPP BNL detector is late ScheduleCommercial alternatives with reduced performance. (read out rate) Thin Si crystalsTechnicalDiamond - reduced performance (coherence preservation) ; thick crystals – lose multiplexing

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 34 Risk Registry

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 35 Budget (K$) DescriptionTotal FY2007 Direct IndirectEscalation LUSI – Total Project Cost60, , ,754.54, LUSI Project55, ,773.68,120.04,206.4 WBS , ,586.08,120.03,218.8 Contingency13, , Other Project Costs4,900.03,706.01,194.0

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 36 Schedule (milestones) CD-1July, 2007 Conceptual design CXI, XPP: CD-2aDec Baseline established CD-3aJuly 2008Construction start CD-4aFeb.2010LCLS early science CD-4bMarch 2012Project complete XCS: CD-2bOct. 2009Baseline established CD-3bMarch 2010Construction start CD-4bMarch 2012Project complete CD-1July, 2007 Conceptual design CXI, XPP: CD-2aDec Baseline established CD-3aJuly 2008Construction start CD-4aFeb.2010LCLS early science CD-4bMarch 2012Project complete XCS: CD-2bOct. 2009Baseline established CD-3bMarch 2010Construction start CD-4bMarch 2012Project complete

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 37 Firm basis for cost and risk assessment Cost ~ 50% of costs in major systems are quotes/catalog items components Detector development BNL reports monthly technical progress and financial data against established plan Reviewed semi-annually by an external advisory committee of experts. All baseline x-ray optics designs are derived from existing systems in use at other laboratories or are commercially available Risks All risks are evaluated on a line by line basis through a risk matrix tool developed by SNS for the SING project. Cost ~ 50% of costs in major systems are quotes/catalog items components Detector development BNL reports monthly technical progress and financial data against established plan Reviewed semi-annually by an external advisory committee of experts. All baseline x-ray optics designs are derived from existing systems in use at other laboratories or are commercially available Risks All risks are evaluated on a line by line basis through a risk matrix tool developed by SNS for the SING project.

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 38 LUSI is a unique opportunity for experiments at LCLS There has been outstanding work and cooperation from all the research teams and team leaders With LUSI capability for early science February 2010 The specific areas of risk identified Project is well coordinated with LCLS – now part of the LCLS organization LUSI is ready for CD-1 approval Ready to proceed with baseline cost and schedule development There has been outstanding work and cooperation from all the research teams and team leaders With LUSI capability for early science February 2010 The specific areas of risk identified Project is well coordinated with LCLS – now part of the LCLS organization LUSI is ready for CD-1 approval Ready to proceed with baseline cost and schedule development

J. B. Hastings LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007 LUSI Overview 39 Summary - Review goals Positive determination for DOE to proceed with CD-1 for LUSI Recommendation for Budget Authority for the LUSI design phase Positive determination for DOE to proceed with CD-1 for LUSI Recommendation for Budget Authority for the LUSI design phase