Initiation and completion of Dissertation Dr. S. Parthasarathy MD, DA, DNB, Dip Diab.MD,DCA, Dip software based statistics, PhD (physiology) FICA

Definition !!?? a written thesis, often based on original research usually required for a higher degree. Dissertationem- latin Meaning - Discourse

Thesis or dissertation ? Thesis PhD More time Methodology and outcome Originality Theoritization Dissertation Lower level – M Phil MD or MS Planning a research Analyzing Focus on methodology than outcome 1.5 years approx Same in some universities

Why at all I should do ?? Knowing a problem Conducting a study – Sampling – Data collection – Testing – Analyze – Write We know and we are sharing !!

Why at all I should do ?? Tree Interviews (jobs) Guide (friend) Party (reason)

Selecting a topic – more difficult heroine Interest Feasibility Time Previous studies Recent journals Guide interest Topic need not be final

Aims and objectives Usually effects side effects Analgesic is better but bleeding !! Better block more duration but ? Neurotoxic Controls hemodynamic response but wheezing ??- pain on injection ? Primary and secondary outcomes

Review of literature Search with a purpose Choose key words Read the methodology and design Are we going in the path of our aims and objectives Full articles not abstracts alone – Contact the author or research gate help for full articles

Statistician Sample size - software Groups controls Randomization Data entry and proforma Statistical tests Level of significance

Complete proforma Complete number of cases Consult guide Consult statistician Data – ok for aims and objectives ?

Sequence of a thesis Certificate Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Review Aims Methods Results (text, tables, figures) Discussion Summary Reference Appendices Master chart if required IMRAD !!

Sir Austin Bradford Hill !! Introduction -- why I do this study ?? 2- 3 pages Is there a lacuna in the current knowledge ? The study was done with the intention of …… ILIH block, pregabalin

Review – what others say ?? Difficult section History ?? (puducherry - chondrodendron) Focus on information in journals Text books ?? Reference from reference =- No ( read the original ) 10 pages Connect ideas

Review Thematic idea Trends Upto date Assimilated what ?? Gaps THEN ---

Methods – what did I do ? Sampling Clear design 0 hours Rescue analgesic or drug ? Scientific basis ?? Drop outs Consort design table ?? Alternate method of data collection ?? Validity and reliability of questionnaire, answers ??

Results : what did I find ?? Tables : no unnecessary tables No repetition Don’t split Heading clear Color bars pie charts Figures

Same data ,5,10,15 0,10,20,30

Two sets of data 21,21.5, 22, 21,21 19, 20,19, 20,20

Pictures

When to do what Dependent and independent variable – numeric - Line VAS score and time 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 hours 3, 5, 3, 2, 3 VAS 4, 3, 4, 5, 4

When one dependent is numeric Bar diagrams

Pie chart – proportion 70 % are males 30 % are females Scatter diagram for correlation

Statistics test Age, height = one decimal eg cm Others two significant digits eg. VAS 4.23 TFA minutes But p value exact P = Mean and SD – same digits

Focus on whole data and not on p values

Discussion What is it ?? What does it mean ?? Introduction + analyses + explanation + conclusions + limitations + suggestions Compare and contrast

Example -truview Vs bonfills Success of intubation and time 2% failure and 45 seconds Other studies – 5 % failure and 70 seconds Why – methodology ? Define end point ?? Side effect also the BP rise is more with bonfills ?? Other studies ?? Why the difference Limitation – Eg – lehane cormack grading !!

Midazolam Vs dexmed for IV sedation Which is more sedative ?? Which is more comfortable ? ?? Surgeon ? Patient Hemodynamics ?? In CVS patients, other studies – doses – what cases ?? Why is the difference ??

Limitation ?? Sample size ?? Are the doses of midaz and dexmed equipotent ?? Laryngoscope and bonfills !! How can the visualisation and hemodynamics be compared ?? Ropi % = Levo bupi % for labour pain relief _ equipotent ?? Pain increases in labour !!

Discussion New theme and recommendation We should have used 0.2 % levo bupi Midaz – 0.5 mg / hour may have been enough

Conclusion Did the research project meet its aims (check back to introduction for stated aims)? What are the main findings of the research? Are there any recommendations? Do you have any conclusions on the research process itself? Where should further research be focused

Conclusion No new material No cliff hanger Don’t apologize and weaken you in conclusion Conclusions ?? - NO – various areas through out the study To conclude, if the methodology was midaz vs Dexmed Vs clonidine results will be better !!

References Vancouver Order in the study In yet another study, midazolam was inferior (3) Harvard Author alphabet Midazolam was inferior ( kluseman – 2009)

Summary words !! Most crucial Background Method Results Conclusions Inguinodynia Labour analgesia Fenugreek Tramadol intrathecal

Sequence of a thesis Certificate Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Review Aims Methods Results (text, tables, figures) Discussion Summary Reference Appendices – not a dust bin !! Master chart if required IMRAD !!

No egos – listen to guides – be patient

Thank you all