Rocks & Minerals ROCKS & MINERALS

1. Minerals must be: Naturally occurring made from non- living things (fossils & coal are made from living things that died so are not considered minerals) Not man made

2. Minerals must be: Solid –Have a fixed shape and volume –Never living- inorganic

3. Minerals must have: Have a definite crystal structure –particles line up in a regular, repeating pattern. –flat sides called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners.

4. Minerals must have: A definite chemical composition –Always contains certain elements in the same proportion. –Almost all minerals are compounds, (two or more different elements chemically joined).

5. Minerals Review All minerals must: – Occur naturally in nature –Inorganic solid –Crystal structure –Definite chemical composition

6. Properties of Minerals Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

7. Properties of Minerals Density Minerals will have a certain density regardless of the size of the sample. Each mineral has its own density called specific gravity

8. Properties of Minerals Luster The way a mineral reflects light. Can be metallic or non-metallic. Shiny or dull. waxy, pearly, glassy. This is a gem stone called tourmaline it has a glassy luster

9. Properties of Minerals Streak The color of its powder. Not always the same as the color of the mineral.

10. Properties of Minerals Color first thing noticed about minerals

11. Describe two major groups of minerals. (p. 68)

Rocks classification Texture Grain Minerals Color Origin of rocks

Rock classification Texture is how a rock looks and feels texture in rocks is determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rocks grains. ocal.wasp.uwa.edu.au/.../rock/rock16.jpeg

Rock Classification Grain –Size -- large, small –Shape --smooth, rough, round jagged –Pattern – rows, waves, swirls, beads or random patterns

Rock classification Mineral composition –Rocks are made of more than one mineral blue.utb.edu/.../PHYS1417SPR00/Unit3Lec.html

Rock classification Color rocks come in all sorts of colors

Rock Classification Origin of rocks How were the rocks formed - magma - erosion and layering - heat and pressure

Origin of rocks Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma or lava –Lava is magma that reaches the earth ’ s surface

Origin of rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from other rocks that are broken into small particles and moved by erosion (wind or water) The particles are squeezed or cemented together Rocks are layered

Origin of rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks Rocks have been pushed deep into the earth ’ s crust Pressure from the earth above and heat from the mantle below cause them to change shape, color, grain and crystal structure 07page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Rock cycle ons/es0602/es0602page02.cfm