Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 23, part 2 The Respiratory System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 23-5 The Lungs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lobes of the lung are separated by fissures Right lung has three lobes Left lung has two lobes Concavity on medial surface = cardiac notch Lobes and surfaces of the lungs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Figure 23.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Figure 23.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Figure 23.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.8 Figure 23.8 The Relationship between the Lungs and the Heart
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings System of tubes formed from the primary bronchi and their branches Primary bronchi branch into secondary or lobar bronchi Secondary bronchus goes to each lobe of the lungs Secondary bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi Tertiary bronchi supply air to a single bronchopulmonary segment Cartilage in walls decrease and smooth muscle increase with branching The bronchial tree
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.10a Figure The Bronchi and Lobules of the Lung
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.10b Figure The Bronchi and Lobules of the Lung
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ultimately branch into terminal bronchioles Delivers air to a single pulmonary lobule Terminal bronchiole becomes respiratory bronchioles Connective tissue of root branches to form interlobar septa The bronchioles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Respiratory bronchioles end in ducts and sacs Respiratory exchange surfaces connected to circulatory system via pulmonary circuit Alveolar ducts and alveoli Animation: Lungs Flythrough PLAY
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Figure The Bronchioles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Simple squamous epithelium Endothelial cell lining an adjacent capillary Fused basal laminae Respiratory Membrane
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Septal cells Scattered in respiratory membrane Produce surfactant Alveolar Macrophage Patrol epithelium and engulf foreign particles Cells of the respiratory membrane include Animation: Respiratory Structures PLAY
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.12a-c Figure Alveolar Organization
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Conducting portions Receive blood from external carotids, thyrocervical, bronchial arteries Respiratory exchange surfaces receive blood from the arteries of the pulmonary circuit are the source of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Pulmonary veins return blood to the left atrium The blood supply to the lungs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Each lung covered by one pleura Pleura – serous membranes lining the pleural cavity Parietal - attaches to the walls of the pleural cavity Visceral - adheres to the surface of the lungs Pleural fluid – fills and lubricates the space between the pleura The pleural cavities and pleural membranes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 23-6 An Overview of Respiratory Physiology
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Internal respiration Exchange of gases between interstitial fluid and cells External respiration Exchange of gases between interstitial fluid and the external environment The steps of external respiration include: Pulmonary ventilation Gas diffusion Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide Respiratory physiology is a series of integrated processes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Figure An Overview of Key Steps in Respiration