The Respiratory System

Overview

Respiratory System Function: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with its environment. Structures: nose, passageways, lungs, & diaphragm.

Types of Respiration: 1. External Respiration- occurs in the lungs, exchange of gases between the air and your lungs. (alveoli) 2.Internal Respiration- exchange of gases between the blood and body cells. 3.Cellular Respiration- production of ATP (energy) in cells.

Taking a Breath… -Inspiration: process of inhaling air Nitrogen78% Oxygen21% Carbon Dioxide.03% Other gases.97% -Expiration: process of exhaling air Nitrogen78% Oxygen16.54% Carbon Dioxide4.49% Other gases.97% -CPR works because we don’t ONLY exhale Carbon Dioxide. We exhale a good amount of Oxygen as well. -Lungs have a total capacity of approx 4-5 liters -You normally inhale approx.5 Liters -Exhaling, you have a residual volume of air left in your lungs of about1 Liter

Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates. Nasal Cavity: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air. Pharynx: passageway leading to the trachea (contains 2 passageways for food and air) Nose

Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea. Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’. Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined.

Nose Bronchus: 2 tubes that split off from the trachea, each lead to lung. Mucous and cilia lined. Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi. Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between air and blood (capillaries). Hemoglobin (protein) carries oxygen and carbon dioxide. Diaphragm: muscle separating the thoracic from the abdominal cavities.

Respiratory Structures -Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates. -Nasal Cavities: contain cilia & mucous. -Pharynx: back of the throat; splits into the trachea and the esophagus.

-Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea. -Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’. -Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined. -Bronchi Tubes: two tubes that split off from the trachea, each one leads to lung. Mucous and cilia lined.

Into the Lungs: -Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi. -Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between the air and the blood. (capillaries)

YawningYawning HiccupsHiccups

Respiration Control: -Involuntary response. -Controlled by the brain and brain stem. -Receptors in the medulla oblongata measure carbon dioxide levels. -Receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries measure oxygen levels.

Diseases & Conditions: -Asthma: contraction of the bronchioles due to an allergic reaction. -Bronchitis: bacterial infection in the bronchioles. -Emphysema: rupturing of the alveoli (smoking). -Pneumonia: virus and bacterial infection (severe). -Lung Cancer