3/1/20161 Reformation & Counter Reformation

3/1/20162 The Reformation A Challenge to the Catholic Church – 1500’s

3/1/20163 Christian Humanism 1)If people could read the basic of Christianity they would become more pious 2)In order to change society first they must change the people.

3/1/20164 Erasmus “Lays the egg” Best known Christian Humanist Desiderius Erasmus – Not a system of beliefs to be followed ( I.e. fasts, pilgrimages, relics). The Church should show people how to live good lives (daily). Wanted religious reforms

3/1/20165 Martin Luther and Lutheranism 1)Monk who became upset that the church was selling indulgences 2)Prepared 95 theses against indulgences in )Concluded that faith and not good works or deeds led to salvation 4)These were copied (using the printing press!) and spread throughout Europe = creation of a new denomination = Lutheranism = beginning of Protestant sects

3/1/20166 Protestantism 1)Comes from the word “Protest” 2)Describes Christians who broke away from the Catholic Church and founded churches in protest of Catholic practices 3)These protesters also disagree amongst themselves which is why there are many Protestant denominations today

3/1/20167 Politics in the German Reformation 1)Charles V – H.R.E.  Wanted to keep the empire Christian and under the control of his dynasty 2)A number of problems prevented him:  Series of wars (20 yrs.) over land w/ France  The Turks in the East  Internal political problems  Many Ger. Princes supported Luther

3/1/20168 Luther breaks from the Church 1)1521 Luther was excommunicated 2)Summoned to the Diet of Worms (Put on Trial) 3)Edict of Worms – made Luther an outlaw 4)His works were to be burned 5)He was to be captured 6)Avoided capture thanks to Fredrick of Saxony

3/1/20169 Peace of Augsburg ) Ended Religious warfare in Germany 2) Accepted the division of Christianity in Germany 3) Catholic or Lutheran 4) German Rulers were free to determine the religion of their subjects

3/1/ Zwinglian Reformation 1)Ulrich Zwingli – priest in Zurich, Switzerland 2)Introduced reforms 3)Abolished relics & images 4)Tried to unite with Martin Luther 5)Later died in battle

3/1/ John Calvin and Calvinism 1)Studied theology + became interested in Lutheranism 2)Concluded that God already has decided on the fate of people and world = predestination 3)Also believed that congregations, not kings or bishops, should choose their own leaders for their churches (Theocracy) 4)Puritan and Presbyterian Churches incorporate these concepts and beliefs

3/1/ King Henry VIII 1)Threw out the Catholic Church from England and created his own Church of England. This was later called the Anglican Church. 2)Took power, land and money from Catholic church but changed little in belief system 3)Puritans later leave this church (due to Calvinist ideas) and immigrate to America for religious freedom

3/1/ Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon m Divorced Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn m Executed Jane Seymour Jane Seymour m Died Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves m Jan. - July Divorced Kathryn Howard Kathryn Howard m Executed Katherine Parr Katherine Parr m Widowed