1. Front vowels Made by raising the front part of the tongue towards the top of your mouth see (i)sit end cat
2. Back vowels Made by raising the back of the tongue towards the top of the mouth, usually with some lip rounding fool (u)full fall ( )follow part
3. Central vowels Made by raising the central part of the tongue ( )earth about (only in unstressed syllable) sun
7. Consonants with their usual sound p b t d k g (as in got) f v w s z h m n l r
8. Special Consonant Symbols ship vision cheap jeep thin this sing yes
/i:/ sti:m
/i:/ sti:m li:v steam
/i:/ sti:m li:v ri:d steam leave
/i:/ sti:m li:v ri:d scri:m steam leave read
/i:/ sti:m li:v ri:d scri:m steam leave read scream
/I//I/ w I m I n
/I//I/ ` w I m I n g I v women
/I//I/ w I m I n g I v st I l women give
/I//I/ w I m I n g I v st I l tr I k women give still
/I//I/ w I m I n g I v st I l tr I k l I t women give still trick
/I//I/ w I m I n g I v st I l tr I k l I t women give still trick lit
/e//e/ red
/e//e/ hed read (pres. tense)/red
/e//e/ red hed S ed read (pres. tense)/red head
/e//e/ red hed S ed bred read (pres. tense)/red head shed
/e//e/ red hed S ed bred nek read (pres. tense)/red head shed bread
/e//e/ red hed Sed bred nek read (pres. tense)/red head shed bread neck
kæt
kæt læmp cat
kæt læmp bæk cat lamp
kæt læmp bæk bænd cat lamp back
kæt læmp bæk bænd sæd cat lamp back band
kæt læmp bæk bænd sæd cat lamp back band sad
/u:/ tu:l
/u:/ tu:l spu:n tool
/u:/ tu:l spu:n ru:d tool spoon
/u:/ tu:l spu:n ru:d nju: tool spoon rude
/u:/ tu:l spu:n ru:d nju: flu: tool spoon rude new
/u:/ tu:l spu:n ru:d nju: flu: tool spoon rude new flew
/U//U/ SU d
/U//U/ st U d should
/U//U/ SU d st U d k U d should stood
/U//U/ SU d st U d k U d f U t should stood could
/U//U/ SU d st U d k U d f U t t U k should stood could foot
/U//U/ SU d st U d k U d f U t t U k should stood could foot took
/ :/ S :(r)
/ :/ S :(r) l : shore
/ :/ S :(r) l : f :t shore law
/ :/ S :(r) l : f :t t :t shore law fought
/ :/ S :(r) l : f :t t :t shore law fought taught
/ :/ S :(r) l : f :t t :t b :t shore law fought taught
/ :/ S :(r) l : f :t t :t b :t shore law fought taught bought
//// g t
//// r t got
//// g t r t str N got rot
//// g t r t str N bl k got rot strong
//// g t r t str N bl k d got rot strong block
//// g t r t str N bl k d got rot strong block odd
/A://A:/ st A :(r)
/A://A:/ p A :st star
/A://A:/ st A :(r) p A :st A :sk star past
/A://A:/ st A :(r) p A :st A :sk st A :f star past ask
/A://A:/ st A :(r) p A :st A :sk st A :f p A :k star past ask staff
/A://A:/ st A :(r) p A :st A :sk st A :f p A :k star past ask staff park
/://:/ θ :d
/://:/ :n third
/://:/ θ :d :n l :n third earn
/://:/ θ :d :n l :n h :d third earn learn
/://:/ θ :d :n l :n h :d S :t third earn learn heard
/://:/ θ :d :n l :n h :d S :t third earn learn heard shirt
//// StSt
//// StfnStfn shut
//// S t f n st N shut fun
//// S t f n st N S v shut fun stung
//// S t f n st N S v `l nd n shut fun stung shove
//// S t f n st N S v l nd n shut fun stung shove London
//// bet (r )
//// tæk better
//// bet (r ) tæk tempt better attack
//// bet (r ) tæk tempt r A : D (r) better attack attempt
//// bet (r ) tæk tempt r A : D (r) s m (r) better attack attempt rather
//// bet (r ) tæk tempt r A : D (r) s m (r) better attack attempt rather summer
/z/ ni:z
/z/ ni:z h Q z knees
/z/ ni:z h Q z zi:br knees has
/z/ ni:z h Q z zi:br bri:z knees has zebra
/z/ ni:z h Q z zi:br bri:z v A :z knees has zebra breeze
/z/ ni:z h Q z zi:br bri:z v A :z knees has zebra breeze vase
/s//s/ m I s
/s//s/ s :kl miss
/s//s/ m I s s :kl s : miss circle
/s//s/ m I s s :kl s : sti:l miss circle saw
/s//s/ m I s s :kl s : sti:l l s miss circle saw /sore steal/steel
/s//s/ m I s s :kl s : sti:l l s miss circle saw /sore steal/steel loss
/θ//θ/ θ :t
/θ//θ/ b A :θ thought
/θ//θ/ θ :t b A :θ θ I k thought bath
/θ//θ/ θ :t b A :θ θ I k θ :st thought bath thick
/θ//θ/ θ :t b A :θ θ I k θ :st θ IN thought bath thick thirst
/θ//θ/ θ :t b A :θ θ I k θ :st θ IN thought bath thick thirst thing
/D//D/ D en
/D//D/ w ID then
/D//D/ D en w ID D em then with
/D//D/ D en w ID D em D s then with them
/D//D/ D en w ID D em D s D æt then with then thus
/D//D/ D en w ID D em D s D æt then with then thus that
/j//j/ jes
/j//j/ ju: yes
/j//j/ jes ju: ju:θ yes you
/j//j/ jes ju: ju:θ j t yes you youth
/j//j/ jes ju: ju:θ j t j A :d yes you youth yacht
/j//j/ jes ju: ju:θ j t j A :d yes you youth yacht yard
/N//N/ θ IN
/N//N/ f INg thing
/N//N/ θ IN f INg br IN thing finger
/N//N/ θ IN f INg br IN r N thing finger bring
/N//N/ θ IN f INg br IN r N ræ N thing finger bring wrong
/N//N/ θ IN f INg br IN r N ræ N thing finger bring wrong rang
/S//S/ S :t
/S//S/ SU g (r) shirt
/S//S/ S :t SU g (r) r S shirt sugar
/S//S/ S :t SU g (r) r S f IS shirt sugar rush
/S//S/ S :t SU g (r) r S f IS S k shirt sugar rush fish
/S//S/ S :t SU g (r) r S f IS S k shirt sugar rush fish shock
/Z//Z/ r I v IZ n
/Z//Z/ me Z (r) revision
/Z//Z/ r I v IZ n me Z (r) tre Z (r) revision measure
/Z//Z/ r I v IZ n me Z (r) tre Z (r) ple Z (r) revision measure treasure
/Z//Z/ r I v IZ n me Z (r) tre Z (r) ple Z (r) revision measure treasure pleasure
/tS//tS/ t S i:z
/tS//tS/ w t S cheese
/tS//tS/ t S i:z w t S st I t S cheese watch
/tS//tS/ t S i:z w t S st I t S t S u:z cheese watch stitch
/tS//tS/ t S i:z w t S st I t S t S u:z t S :k cheese watch stitch choose
/tS//tS/ t S i:z w t S st I t S t S u:z t S :k cheese watch stitch choose chalk
/dZ//dZ/ d Z æm
/dZ//dZ/ d Z :d Z jam
/dZ//dZ/ d Z æm d Z :d Z d Z d Z Jam George
/dZ//dZ/ d Z æm d Z :d Z d Z d Z r I d Z jam George judge
/dZ//dZ/ d Z æm d Z :d Z d Z d Z r I d Z d ZelI jam George judge ridge
/dZ//dZ/ d Z æm d Z :d Z d Z d Z r I d Z d ZelI jam George judge ridge jelly
DIPHTHONGS A diphthong is a sound produced when the mouth moves from the position for one vowel into the position for another vowel
/e I/ The tongue moves from the position for /e/ to the position for / I/
/a I/ The tongue moves from the position for /æ/ to the position for / I/
/ I/ The tongue moves from the position for / :/ to the position for / I/
Which sounds do these words contain? oyster plain sign reign avoid strange coin coy try stay joy why boil annoy main sky neighbour mine
/e I / plain reign strange stay main neighbour /a I / sign try why sky nine / I / avoid oyster coin coy joy boil annoy
I’d die for a nice slice of pie The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain A noisy noise annoys an oyster