Pre- Historic Egyptian Ancient Greek RomanMiddle AgesRenaissance18 th C19 th C20 th C What causes disease? Supernatural ideas – spirits, Gods… Blocked channels… Supernatural ideas – position of the stars / planets… Humours out of balance… Bad air / MIASMA GERMS cause disease 3000BCAD 500AD 1750

Pre- Historic Egyptian Ancient Greek RomanMiddle AgesRenaissance18 th C19 th C20 th C 3000BCAD 500AD 1750 MEDICINES… PUBLIC HEALTH… SURGERY…

2000BC1000BC500 AD1000AD2000AD1500AD Prehistoric Ancient civilisations of Egypt, Greece and Rome The Middle Ages (AD500 – 1400) The Renaissance (AD 1400 – 1700) 18 th & 19 th centuries 20 th century PrehistoricNatural methods – mud/clay casts Spiritual methods – witch doctor, pointing stick trephining Egyptian Natural methods – Theory of Blocked Channels, minor surgery, purging Spiritual methods – Tawret, Papyrus Ebers, Book of Thoth Greek Natural methods – 4 Humours, Clinical Observation, Regimen Spiritual - Asclepion HIPPOCRATES

2000BC1000BC500 AD1000AD2000AD1500AD Prehistoric Ancient civilisations of Egypt, Greece and Rome The Middle Ages (AD500 – 1400) The Renaissance (AD 1400 – 1700) 18 th & 19 th centuries 20 th century RomanNatural methods – empirical observation, public health, anatomy Spiritual methods – asclepion Middle Ages Natural methods – Four Humours, Galen’s ideas Spiritual – reliance on Church GALEN

2000BC1000BC500 AD1000AD2000AD1500AD Prehistoric Ancient civilisations of Egypt, Greece and Rome The Middle Ages (AD500 – 1400) The Renaissance (AD 1400 – 1700) 18 th & 19 th centuries 20 th century Renaissance Printing press – 1454 Vesalius Pare Harvey

2000BC1000BC500 AD1000AD2000AD1500AD Prehistoric Ancient civilisations of Egypt, Greece and Rome The Middle Ages (AD500 – 1400) The Renaissance (AD 1400 – 1700) 18 th & 19 th centuries 20 th century 18 th century JENNER 1796 – First smallpox experiment 1853 – gov makes vaccinations compulsory PASTEUR 1861 – Germ Theory Vaccinations – Chicken cholera, anthrax 19 th century KOCH New ways to grow germs (solid culture and industrial dyes) Surgery SIMPSON – chloroform 1847 LISTER – carbolic acid 1867 PUBLIC HEALTH 1848 – First Public Health Act Chadwick, Snow NURSING Nightingale and Seacole – Crimean War

2000BC1000BC500 AD1000AD2000AD1500AD Prehistoric Ancient civilisations of Egypt, Greece and Rome The Middle Ages (AD500 – 1400) The Renaissance (AD 1400 – 1700) 18 th & 19 th centuries 20 th century EHRLICH Salvarsan 606 – Magic Bullet Public Health Liberal Reforms – 1906 – 11 Beveridge Report – 1941 NHS (Bevan)

Pre- Historic Egyptian Ancient Greek RomanMiddle AgesRenaissance18 th C19 th C20 th C 3000BCAD 500AD 1750

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