FUNGI State Standards:

Fungi 1) Multicellular organisms that live on their food source. Heterotrophic (can be decomposers)

Decomposers Get their energy from the remains of organic compounds. Such as leaf litter, dead organisms “Earth’s clean-up crew” REMEMBER: bacteria also help with decomposing! Can be Saprophytes

Fungi 2) Reproduce by forming spores. Puffball releasing Spores into the air. Giant Puffball

Fungi 3) Grow by forming hyphae (threadlike extensions).

Fungi Mycelium – clump of hyphae.

Symbiotic Relationships? A close relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits. Examples: Nemo and the Sea Anemone Fungi that help protect plant roots from drought CAN BE MUTUALISTIC (+ +), COMMENSALISM (+ 0), or PARASITIC (+ -) AL8http:// AL8 ANT KILLER

Question If spores can travel great distances and hyphea can grow quickly, why are we not overrun by fungus? Not all of the places that the spores land are suitable for growth And few fungi live long enough to produce offspring

There are 3 main phyla of fungi: Sporangium fungi Club Fungi Sac Fungi Fungi are placed into these phyla based on the structures they use to make spores.

Example: MOLDS 1- Sporangium Fungi Rhizopus Stachybatrus Bread mold Water mold Cheese mold: Blue, Roquefort, Brie

1- Sporangium Fungi The hyphae have SPORANGIA at the ends Sporangium Hyphae Mycelium

1- Sporangium Fungi The hyphae have SPORANGIA at the ends (round structures that produce spores). Sporangium with spores inside Sporangium releasing Spores

1- Sporangium Fungi Hyphae Sporangium

2- Club Fungi Example: MUSHROOMS Corn Smut Puffball Cross-section Shelf fungus Coral Fungus

2- Club Fungi b) Produce spores from club shaped sacs called basidia. Cap StipeGills

2- Club Fungi

Basidia with spores

2- Club Fungi Basidium Spores Cap Stipe Gills

3- Sac Fungi Tuber magnatum truffle: A $1,000-$2,000 per lb. Mitrula paludosa Cup fungi Cramp ball Example: YEAST Dead Man’s Fingers Some molds: Penicillium

3- Sac Fungi b) Produce spores inside a small sac called an ASCUS. An Ascus with spores inside Many Asci

3- Sac Fungi Yeast cells producing asci. Asci

Lichens 1) A combination of a Fungus and an Algae living together. Picture of lichen taken through an electron microscope. Algal cellsFungal cells Lichens on ground

Lichens 2) Have a mutualistic relationship (they help each other). a) Fungus provides protection and a place for the algae to live. b) Algae makes food for both to live on. c) Pioneers – ultimately leading to a forest community – SUCCESSION LICHENS!

Credits su=http%3a%2f%2fwww.math.tarleton.edu%2fcourses%2fbiolabs%2fPlant_Lab%2fLab_10- 12%2fLab_12%2fcoprinus_basidia.htm&iu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.math.tarleton.edu%2fcourses%2fbiolabs%2fPlant _Lab%2fLab_10- 12%2fLab_12%2fPictures%2fcoprinus_basidia.jpg&tu=http%3a%2f%2fimages.picsearch.com%2fis%3f &sz=43