To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. glencoe.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Questions Chapter Summary

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Bacteria

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Positive and Negative Effects Make the following Foldable to help you see how some organisms are similar and different.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold a sheet of paper lengthwise. Make the front edge 1.25 cm shorter than the back edge.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold into thirds.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Unfold and cut only the top layer along both folds to make three tabs. Label each tab as shown.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Before you read the chapter, skim through it and write examples of each type of organism on the front of the tabs. As you read the chapter, list positive effects on the back of the tabs and negative effects under the tabs. Identify Questions

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. They contain DNA and cytoplasm but lack membrane- bound organelles. Bacteria Bacteria have been found living in nearly every environment on Earth and are grouped as either eubacteria or archaebacteria. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Some bacteria are harmful because they can cause disease when they infect organisms. Bacteria Most bacteria are helpful. They help in recycling nutrients, fixing nitrogen, and food production. They even can be used to break down harmful pollutants. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Protists are one- or many-celled organisms that live in moist or wet environments. Protists The protists are plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Algae are important in freshwater and saltwater environments as food and oxygen producers. They also are used by humans to make many different products. Protists Some protists cause diseases in humans and in plants, such as malaria and potato blight. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Fungi are composed of eukaryotic cells that grow in long chains called hyphae. They absorb food through the hyphae and are either saprophytes or parasites. Fungi Most fungi reproduce sexually by producing spores. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Four classifications of fungi exist—club fungi, sac fungi, zygospore fungi, and imperfect fungi. Fungi One of the most important roles of fungi is to decompose organic material and return nutrients to the soil. They also live in associations with algae and plants, produce antibiotics, and can cause diseases. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 1 Answer All disease-causing bacteria are grouped as _______. The answer is eubacteria. Most eubacteria have been classified and identified based upon conditions under which they grow and other chemical characteristics. LE 1.2j

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 2 Which is a benefit of bacteria? A. causes disease B. production of toxins C. production of acid D. production of antibiotics Chapter Review LE 5.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is D. Some helpful bacteria produce chemicals called antibiotics that limit the growth of or kill other harmful bacteria. Chapter Review

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 3 In which is bacterial hereditary material found? A. nucleus B. cell membrane C. chromosomes D. cytoplasm Chapter Review LE 1.1c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is D. Bacterial heredity material is found in the cytoplasm. Chapter Review

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 4 Which letter corresponds to funguslike protists? A. A B. B C. C D. none LE 5.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is A. Funguslike protists include slime molds, water molds, and downy mildews.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 5 Which structure of the protozoan is used for getting rid of excess water. LE 1.1

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is contractile vacuole. The contractile vacuoles act like pumps. As they contract, the vacuoles push water out.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 Which do paramecia belong to? A. A B. B C. C D. none LE 1.1

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is B. Paramecia are animal-like protists known as protozoans.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 Which best describes an organism that uses dead material as a food and energy source? A. saprophyte B. parasite C. algae D. diatom LE 5.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Without saprophytic bacteria, layers of dead material would cover Earth’s surface.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 Which causes malaria? A. paramecium B. plasmodium C. pseudopodium D. water mold LE 5.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is B. Plasmodium spends part of its life cycle in mosquitoes and part in humans.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 How are archaebacteria usually grouped? A. according to chemical make-up B. according to the environment in which they live C. according to their shape and size D. according to their function LE 1.1h

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Most archaebacteria live in harsh environments where few other organisms can live.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 5 What is the function of hyphae in illustration A? LE 5.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice A. absorb digested food B. produce spores C. sexual reproduction D. no function LE 5.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Fungi secrete chemicals into food to break it down. The digested food is then absorbed into the hyphae cells.

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