World War II (1939-1945).

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Presentation transcript:

World War II (1939-1945)

Prelude to War Italy after World War I Dissatisfied Rise of FASCISM Totalitarian, nationalistic Violent! BENITO MUSSOLINI (1883-1945) Il Duce Prime minister of Italy Mussolini addressing a crowd

Prelude to War Japanese Aggression Causes of militarism Unhappy with World War I Overpopulation Nationalist China “Mukden Incident” (1931)  invasion of Manchuria Full-scale invasion, blockade (1937) Chinese resistance  Japanese fury!

Prelude to War Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) German nationalist Hated German republic, Western powers Dominated Nazi party Chancellor of Germany (1933) Der Führer

Prelude to War Nazi Worldview Nationalistic, totalitarian German expansion a must! Racist People are subject to laws of selection Aryans vs. Jews Goals: pure racial community, sense of belonging

Prelude to War Nazi Party rally, Nuremberg (1934)

Prelude to War The Axis Strike AXIS powers: Germany, Italy, Japan Italy seized Ethiopia (1935-36), Albania (1939) Moves by Germany (1936-39) Remilitarized Rhineland Annexed Austria, Czechoslovakia

Prelude to War The Invasion of Poland NONAGGRESSION PACT (August 23, 1939) Germany and USSR Poland to be divided between them Germany invaded (Sept. 1) Strategy: BLITZKRIEG Britain and France declared war (Sept. 3)

Prelude to War Questions?

World War II

World War II The Battle of Britain (July-October 1940) German goal: invasion Series of air battles Blitz of London (Sept. to Nov.) British resistance  Hitler’s first check WINSTON CHURCHILL (1874-1965) Planes of Royal Air Force Churchill

World War II Devastation near St. Paul’s Cathedral

World War II Devastation in Balham, London

World War II A Tube station being used as a bomb shelter

World War II Churchill’s “We Shall Never Surrender” Speech (June 4, 1940) “When Napoleon lay at Boulogne for a year with his flat-bottomed boats and his Grand Army, he was told by someone, ‘There are bitter weeds in England.’ There are certainly a great many more of them since the British Expeditionary Force returned…I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once more able to defend our Island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of His Majesty's Government – every man of them. That is the will of Parliament and the nation.”

World War II “We Shall Never Surrender” Speech Continued “The British Empire and the French Republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength…We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.”

World War II Operation Barbarossa Launched against USSR (June 1941) Successful first offensive Stalin caught off guard! Second offensive (November) unsuccessful Early winter Stalin invoked nationalism  fierce resistance!

World War II Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) President (1933-1945) Led USA through Great Depression Pursued by Churchill Opposed to foreign despotism

World War II Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor Impasse in China  southeast Asia Attacked Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) USA declared war (December 8) Axis declared war on USA

World War II Questions?

World War II

World War II Battle of Stalingrad July 1942 to Feb. 1943 Germans claimed victory Soviets resisted! German defeat  now on defensive Soviet soldiers, Stalingrad

World War II Retaking Western Europe Allies invaded Italy from North Africa (July 1943) Mussolini overthrown Italy declared war (October) Advance blocked by Germans D-DAY (June 6, 1944) Amphibious invasion English Channel  Normandy Germans in retreat Landing at Normandy

World War II

World War II The Axis Defeat in Europe (1945) Allies advanced Unconditional surrender of Germany (May 7) Fate of the Axis leaders Mussolini: shot (April 28) Hitler: suicide (April 30) Soviet soldiers raising their flag over the Reichstag, Berlin

World War II The Holocaust Restrictions, attacks begin in 1930s “The Final Solution” (1942) Ghettos Extermination camps Approx. 6 million perished Jews on board cattle cars

World War II Gas chamber, Auschwitz

World War II Scratch marks on gas chamber walls

World War II Crematorium

World War II

World War II The Pacific Theater

World War II Defeat of Japan (1945) American ultimatum to Japan ignored Atomic bombs Hiroshima (August 6) Nagasaki (August 9) Emperor Hirohito surrendered (August 15) Cloud above Nagasaki

World War II Hiroshima (March 1946)

World War II Questions?