MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ANATOMY Al Ma`arefa College

Objectives:  Define anatomy and its divisions.  Define the anatomical position of the body.  Explain the significance of anatomical position of the body in the science of medicine.  Define anatomical planes of the body.  Explain why directional terms are relative and must be used in reference to body structures or a body in anatomical position.  Explain how anatomical terms are derived.

Levels of Structural Complexity

HUMAN ANATOMY Anatomy is the study of the structure of human body parts and describe their relationships to one another. Divisions: Gross anatomy or Macroscopic (organs and systems) Embryology or Developmental Anatomy Histology or Microscopic (tissues and cells) Living anatomy (radiological anatomy, surface anatomy, applied and clinical surgical anatomy) Comparative Anatomy :compares structure of human beings with other creatures especially vertebrates.

HUMAN ANATOMY Divisions: Regional Anatomy: Upper Limb Lower Limb Thorax Abdomen and Pelvis Head and Neck.

HUMAN ANATOMY Divisions: Systemic Anatomy: Integumentary Skeletal Articular Muscular Nervous Circulatory Cardiovascular Lymphoid

HUMAN ANATOMY Divisions: Systemic Anatomy: Digestive Respiratory Urinary Reproductive Endocrine

ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY  ANATOMICAL POSITION  ANATOMICAL PLANES  ANATOMICAL ADJECTIVES  ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS

ANATOMIC POSITION All structures are described and named with reference to the anatomical position. In the anatomical position, the body is  Standing erect  The eyes look straight to the front  Face and palms of the hands directed forwards  The upper limbs hang by the sides of trunk  The lower limbs are parallel with the feet together and the toes pointing forwards

ANATOMIC PLANES  Median Sagittal ( Midsagittal ) Plane: A vertical plane passing between the anterior midline and posterior midline, dividing the body into right & left halves.  Parasagittal ( Paramedian ) Plane: Any plane parallel to median sagittal plane

ANATOMIC PLANES  coronal  vertical, perpendicular to median  Horizontal (transverse)  parallel to floor, perpendicular to median, coronal

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES Are arranged as pairs of opposites Anterior (Ventral ) & Posterior (Dorsal )  Anterior: Towards the front of the body  Posterior: Towards the back of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES Are arranged as pairs of opposites Superior( Cranial ) & Inferior (Caudal )  Superior: Towards the head  Inferior: Towards the feet

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Proximal & Distal  Proximal: Nearer the trunk  Distal: Away from the trunk

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Medial & Lateral  Medial: Towards the midline of the body  Lateral: Away from the midline of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Superficial & Deep  Superficial: Nearer the surface of the body  Profundus (Deep): Away from the surface of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Central & Peripheral  Central: Towards the central axis of the body  Peripheral: Away from the central axis of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Ipsilateral & Contralateral  Ipsilateral: Of the same side  Contralateral: Of the Opposite side

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Flexor Surface & Extensor Surface  Flexor Surface: The anterior surface in the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb  Extensor surface: The posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Palmar & Dorsal Surfaces of Hand  Palmar Surface: Anterior surface  Dorsal Surface: Posterior surface

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Planter & Dorsal Surfaces of Foot  Planter Surface: Lower surface  Dorsal Surface: Upper surface

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Proximal near to trunk Distal Away from trunk

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Radial Towards the outer border of the upper limb Ulnar Towards inner border of upper limb

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Tibial Towards the inner border of the lower limb Fibular Towards outer border of lower limb

Term used for describing bony feature  Elevation  Linear elevation  Sharp elevation  Rounded or irregular elevation  Depressions  Pit, impression, fovea, fossa, groove, notch  Openings  Smooth articular surface  Facet, condyle, head, capitulum or trochlea

MCQ  Regarding anatomical position, which of the following statements is not correct:  The body is erect and eyes are directed forward  The upper limbs hang by the side of the body and palms face anteriorly  The body is in the fetal position  The lower limbs and feet are parallel and toes are directed forward

MCQ  The sectional plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is:  Transverse plane  Sagittal plane  Coronal plane  Oblique plane

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