DNA Structure, DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation Core 3.3, 3.4, 3.5; AHL 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA Structure, DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation Core 3.3, 3.4, 3.5; AHL 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

An Animal Cell

Different levels of DNA condensation (1)DNA Double Helix (2)Chromatin strand (DNA with histones) (3)Chromatin during interphase with centromere (4)Condensed chromatin during prophase (Two copies of the DNA molecule are now present) (1)Chromosome during metaphase.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid A nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, sugar (ribose), and a nitrogenous base H

Deoxyribonucleic Acid A nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base 4 Nitrogenous Bases of DNA H

Deoxyribonucleic Acid A nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base Hydrogen-bond causes base-pairing A-T, C-G H

Deoxyribonucleic Acid H

7.1.1 Antiparallel strands

’-5’ linkages

7.1.1 Pyrimidines, Purines

7.1.2 (1)DNA Double Helix (2)Chromatin strand (DNA with histones) (3)Chromatin during interphase with centromere (4)Condensed chromatin during prophase (Two copies of the DNA molecule are now present) (1)Chromosome during metaphase.

7.1.2 Nucleosomes, Histone proteins Nucleosome – DNA wrapped around a histone core twice + the linkage DNA

(protein ball) (protein ‘clip’ to hold the DNA to the histone core)

3.4, 7.2

3.4, 7.2 DNA Replication

3.4.3 DNA Replication is SEMICONSERVATIVE

Transcription: DNA to RNA

RNA Ribonucleic Acid Different in the presence of Oxygen in 2’ position of the ribose

DNA vs RNA Double Strand Single Strand

DNA vs RNA Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T)

DNA vs RNA

Transcription a.k.a Sense strand a.k.a Antisense strand

7.3.3

7.3.4 Eukaryotic RNA processing

Translation Ribosome – place where amino acids are joined to form polypeptide Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to ribosome

Translation tRNA codon anticodon

Universal Genetic Code

Amino Acid

Protein Structure

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