PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Leslie Hendon, University of Alabama, Birmingham HUMAN ANATOMY fifth edition MARIEB | MALLATT | WILHELM 22 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Digestive System PART 4

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Pancreas  Exocrine function  Acinar cells make, store, and secrete pancreatic enzymes  Enzymes are activated in the duodenum  Endocrine function  Produces insulin and glucagon  Regulates blood sugar

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Exocrine Pancreas: Histology Figure 22.29a, b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Disorders of the Digestive System  Intestinal obstruction  Mechanical obstructions  Adhesions, tumors, or foreign objects  Nonmechanical obstruction  Halt in peristalsis  Trauma  Intestines touched during surgery

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Disorders of the Digestive System  Inflammatory bowel disease  Inflammation of intestinal wall  Crohn’s disease  Ulcerative colitis  Viral hepatitis  Jaundice and flu-like symptoms  Major types – A, B, C, and G

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Disorders of the Digestive System  Cystic Fibrosis and the Pancreas  Pancreatic ducts become blocked with mucus  Clogged ducts prevent pancreatic juices from entering small intestine  Leads to malabsorption of fats and other nutrients

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Embryonic Development of the Digestive System  Alimentary canal formed in week three  Encloses tubular portion of yolk sac  Vitelline duct  Landmark dividing into three regions  Forgut  Midgut  Hindgut

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Embryonic Development of the Digestive System Figure 22.30a, b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Digestive System in Later Life  Middle age – gallstones and ulcers  Old age – activity of digestive organs decline  Fewer digestive juices and enzymes produced  Absorption is less efficient  Dehydration of fecal mass leads to constipation  Diverticulosis and cancer of digestive organs