Northern and Southern Civil War Strategies and Weaponry

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Presentation transcript:

Northern and Southern Civil War Strategies and Weaponry 1861-1865

U.S. War Deaths in Thousands

Northern Strategy Squeeze the South “Anaconda” plan Blockade Southern ports Gain control of Mississippi Cairo, IL to New Orleans

Northern Strategy Isolate and disorganize Confederacy Southern Union sympathizers get South to surrender Designed by Gen. Scott Keep border states in Union GOAL: No secession & compliance with constitution

Jackson, Beauregard, Lee Southern Strategy Defensive war of attrition (strategy of winning by not losing) Wear out opponent Get European support Jackson, Beauregard, Lee

Jefferson Davis - President Southern Strategy South - twice the size of 13 original colonies GOAL: Secession and independence Jefferson Davis - President

Civil War Armaments & Technology

Fighting: In Lines Psychology – closeness in numbers. Battles were terrifying 1-150 bullets actually hit somebody Could see flags above firing smoke fog for formation

Wagon Trains Women – had to feed and take care of the men Confederate Sterling Price’s Wagon Train through Missouri stretched (reportedly) 15 miles

Howitzers Smoothbore Howitzer Threw 12-pound shell up to 1000 yards (1/2 mile) Could be easily disassembled & carried by mule Smoothbore Howitzer

Gatling Gun Limited use in the Civil War - 1864 600 rounds (bullets) in one minute

Ironclad ships Iron covered vessels Revolving turret (cannon) Brings an end to tall-masted wooden military ships

Springfield Rifle Union Army’s standard weapon Rifled bore - greater accuracy 150 - 200 yards (compared to 80 yards for smooth bore weapons) Gives rise to trench warfare *show video

Telegraph Long distance communication Organized troop movement

Train Allowed for quick movement of troops & supplies All major Civil War battles took place 100 or miles less from RR tracks *show video*

Disease Disease was the chief killer in the war - claiming two soldiers for every one killed in battle. Hospitals were so unsanitary that one Union soldier lamented: "If a fellow has [to go to the] Hospital, you might as well say goodbye.” -Ken Burns - Civil War *show video after pics*