CHAPTER 19 WORLD WAR I ( ) U.S. ( )

What were the major causes of World War I? Nationalism- devotion to one’s interests and culture of one’s nation. Imperialism Militarism- arms race Alliance System- Allies v. Central Powers Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian

What was fighting like in World War I? Soldiers spent most of their time in trenches. (Trench warfare) Horrible conditions No man’s land- territory in between trenches where many soldiers were killed.

What caused America to break from the position of neutrality? Unrestricted submarine warfare from the Germans. Sinking of the British passenger ship the Lusitania. Zimmerman Note- Germans encouraged Mexico to invade the U.S. April 2, U.S. declares war (the world must be safe for democracy.)

Who was Eddie Rickenbacker? Famous American fighter pilot of World War I. Defeated the German fighter pilot the Red Baron. Downed 26 enemy aircraft.

What was the Selective Service Act? Required men to register with the government to be randomly selected for military service. African Americans served in segregated units. Women were in non combat positions: nurses, secretaries, phone operators.

What was the convoy system? British navy used this system to guard merchant ships from German submarines in the Atlantic.

Who was General John J. Pershing? Led American Expeditionary Force in World War I. U.S. troops called doughboys. Aggressive combat Nicknames was Black Jack.

What were the new weapons in World War I? Machine guns Airships and airplanes Anti-aircraft gun Poison Gas Tanks

Who was Alvin York? American World War I veteran Conscientious objector- opposed warfare on moral grounds Killed 25 Germans in battle.

When did World War I end? Armistice Day- November 11, million dead 20 million wounded 10 million refugees American lost 48,000 men in battle and 62,000 from disease. More than 200,000 were wounded in only 1 year of fighting.

What was the War Industries Board? Established in 1917 under the leadership of Bernard Baruch. Encouraged companies to produce products for the war effort. Price controls War economy boomed

What was the Food Administration? Help produce and conserve food for the war effort. Declared one day a week to be meatless. Conserved sugar Victory gardens Led by Herbert Hoover

What was the Committee on Public Information (CPI)? Created by George Creel. Created propaganda for Americans to support the war effort. Made the enemy look evil. Encourage sacrifice for America.

What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts? Passed in 1917 and Jailed thousands for speaking out against war and immigrants. Jailed socialist like Eugene V. Debs because of fear of a socialist revolution. Violated First Amendment rights.

What was the Great Migration? Large scale movement of thousands of blacks to Northern cities from the South. Worked in factories during World War I. Escaped Jim Crow South and faced discrimination in the North.

What were women doing during World War I? Holding down the home front. Working in factories. Working in noncombat military positions. For their sacrifice, given the right to vote in 1920 with the 19 th Amendment.

What disease became an epidemic in 1918? Fall of the flu impacted 25% of Americans. Killed about 500,000 Americans.

What was the court case Schenck V. U.S. (1919)? Free speech is not protected during wartime. Must pass the clear and present danger test. Can’t yell fire in a crowded theater because it can result in injury. Decided by Oliver Wendall Holmes

What was Woodrow Wilson’s Peace Plan for World War I? Fourteen Points Some of the 14 Points were: No Secret Treaties Freedom of the seas Arms reduction 14 th Point: Establishing a League of Nations (MOST IMPORTANT!!!)

What was the Treaty of Versailles? The Treaty that was signed at the end of World War I. (Treaty of Revenge!) U.S. DID NOT sign treaty and DID NOT join League of Nations! (Sen.Henry Cabot Lodge) Germany is punished with war reparations (payments) leads to economic hardship and World War II