Notes on Prologue and Chapters 1 and 2 in Earth Odyssey Prologue- Introduction to environmental problems in China. pp. 2-3 example of “externalities” costs which are not absorbed in the price of the product. “Social Costs”. p. 5- Beijing switched to unleaded gasoline in notes on the ozone layer P global warming, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) P global warming, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Humanitarian Disasters, the Environment, and Global Poverty Darfur-a complicated civil war in the Sudan that has killed from 200, ,000; 2.5 million people displaced into refugee camps and desperately poor.

Sudan: Darfur and the Environment tensions were exacerbated in the last two decades of the twentieth century by a combination of environmental calamity, fast population growth, desertification, political opportunism and regional politics. On June 16, 2007, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said the slaughter in Darfu in Darfur was caused "at least in part from climate change, and that it "derives, to some degree, from man-made global warming "The scale of historical climate change, as recorded in Northern Darfur, is almost unprecedented: the reduction in rainfall has turned millions of hectares of already marginal semi-desert grazing land into desert. The impact of climate change is considered to be directly related to the conflict in the region, as desertification has added significantly to the stress on the livelihoods of pastoralist societies, forcing them to move south to find pasture,“ (UN Report)

Global ecological stresses will first effect the poorest of the poor, and some of them are described in Hertsgaard’s chapter. these are people who consume virtually nothing Review Chapter 2 African biodiversity Stages of human civilization: hunter-gatherers, agriculture, industrial society