SRT 3- Satellite (Ethiopia) Impact Pathways

NoProblemComponentOutcomeOutput Acti vity 1 Rainfall variability and moisture stress Unpredictability of rainfall Good predictions made available (% of correct predictions) Model and system for localized predictions established (% increase in # of weather stations, new system tried yes/no) Lack of farmers access to meteorological information Farmers have access to meteorological info (% of weather related crop failure) - Mechanisms for individual information system (e.g. SMS) established (# of SMS messages related to weather predictions) - Communication through local extension agents strengthened (% increase in extension agent visits) Low water holding capacity of soils Soil characteristics improved (% increase in soil organic matter) CA, agro-forestry practices : - introduced (types, & #) - their adoption enhanced (% of adopters) Inappropriate farming practices (e.g. excess and wrong tillage, soil compaction) Farmers apply moisture conserving practices (% increase in soil moisture) CA and CA-with trees (crop residue retention, prevention of on-site grazing, non-mechanical weed control): - introduced (Yes/no) - their adoption enhanced (% of adopters) Farmers inability to use alternative sources of water Farmers have access to and knowhow on the use of alternative sources of water (% of water gap covered from alternative sources)  Appropriate water harvesting techniques identified (type and number)  Farmers’ ability for effective utilization of water (e.g. supplemental irrigation, livestock water points) developed (% improvement in water use efficiency)

NoProblemComponentOutcomeOutput Activi ty 2 Land degradation Topography/ run-off Run-off reduced (% reduction in sediment transport) Soil and water conservation technologies: - introduced (types & #) - improved (% reduction in runoff) Land fragmentati on - Size of operated land maintained/increased - Sustainable intensification implemented -Aggregation (% increase in average land size operated under one management) -High value crops (#) -Multiple cropping (Y/N) Deforestatio n -Forest cover increased (% increase in forest area) -Community awareness on forest benefits and management raised -(% of farmers planting trees ) -(# of farmers adding values to trees) -Alternative source of energy introduced (types and #) -Afforestation programs initiated (Y/N) Inappropriat e land use/manage ment -Steep slopes reserved for alternative (forestry, bee hiving, fruit culture) farming (land use) -Agro-ecology maintained (Eco- system services) -Appropriate land-use planning system developed (pilot): (Y/N) -Mechanism for eco-system resilience introduced (types and #) -Technology -integration Overgrazing-Land and vegetation disturbance reduced (the # of animal-unit- days grazed per ha) -Controlled grazing introduced (Y/N) -Optimal stocking (# of animal units/ha) -Improved Livestock feeding introduced (% of farmers practicing cut and carry feeding)

No Proble m ComponentOutcomeOutputActivity 3 Lack of technol ogies Crop technology Farmers accept the technologies (Number of farmers showing interest to adopt) Appropriate technologies identified and presented to farmers (Number, and type of technologies) Livestock technology Agro-forestry technology Mechanization 4 Low adoptio n of improve d technol ogies Inherent problems of the technology Demand driven and appropriate technologies made available to farmers (# of farmers using them and # and type of technologies) Technology adapted to specific conditions of the site (Technology performance relative to best technology on farmers’ hand) Testing, screening, and modification of technologies (e.g. from CRP3) Problems related to household characteristics - Higher awareness, knowledge, liquidity attained - Attitudes & perceptions towards the technologies improved (% of farmers showing effective demand-the desire and financial command to adopt) - Farmer training & education conducted (Relevance, frequency and coverage of training and extension visits) - Better targeting of credit provision (% of farmers who have access to credit) Institutional problems Farmers have better access to credit (% of farmers who have access to credit) Credit institutions: - Established (Yes/N) - Strengthened (amount of money in circulation & # of days to obtain credit) Farmers have access to timely and adequate (in quality and quantity) inputs (% of farmers) Input companies: -Established (Yes/N) -Strengthened (% increase in volume of sales) Extension policy implementation capacity problem policy implementation improved (% increase in technology package implementation) Implementation capacity developed (% increase in functional FTCs, % increase in number and competence of DAs, % increase in the number of SMS messages)