Proteins Protos “of prime importance” Big Idea: Proteins perform the actions of the cell, they are coded for by the DNA. DNA is the principal, proteins.

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Presentation transcript:

Proteins Protos “of prime importance” Big Idea: Proteins perform the actions of the cell, they are coded for by the DNA. DNA is the principal, proteins are the teachers and the students. Remember: made in ribosome, during translation, by joining amino acids.

Meet Protein amino acid+amino acid+amino acid+amino acid… Made of 20 different amino acids bonded together in different sequences to form many SPECIFIC proteins

Protein Structure

Essential (10) Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine Leucine Lysine Conditionally essential (3) Cysteine Glutamine Tyrosin Nonessential (10) Alanine Asparagine Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutaminc acid Gluatmine Glycine Proline Serine Tyrosine

Primary Structure The order of amino acids in a protein. For example:

Secondary Structure Alignment of polypeptides as a right- hand alpha helix Stabilized by hydrogen bonds between carboxyl (C=O) and imido (NH) groups Between nonconsecutive amino acids

Tertiary Structure Three dimensional folding and coiling of polypeptide into globular 3-D structure. Caused by additional chemical interactions among side chains Disulfide bonds.

Quaternary Structure Interactive folding of several polypeptide chains together to form a “single” functional protein. Functional proteins also might incorporate minerals or other nonprotein components. Final shape and components determine function of protein.

Structure Review Primary- Secondary- Tertiary- Quaternary-

The Unique Structures of Proteins lead to the unique functions of Proteins Principal organic chemical constituents of body organs and soft tissues Enormous functional diversity (Collagen-bone and skin, keratin-hair and muscles) Cell membrane structure and function (membrane proteins carry materials) Enzymes (catalyze reactions, anabolism build things, catabolism-break things, digestion) Hormones and other chemical messengers Immune factors (antibodies are proteins cells make to fight disease) Fluid balance Acid-base balance Transport (hemoglobin is a protein that transports oxygen throughout the body) Source of energy and glucose (only after all the fat is gone from the body does the body use protein)

Protect your proteins. The bonds between amino acids can be destroyed by the following... Extreme hot or cold High Acidity Drugs Extreme wetness or dryness