Avian Musculature Fig. 4-26 in Podulka et al. 2004.

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Presentation transcript:

Avian Musculature Fig. 4-26 in Podulka et al. 2004

Avian Muscle Types *** Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle Function

Skeletal Muscle 1

Skeletal Muscle Structure (Muscle, Fascicle, Muscle Fiber) (Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium)

(Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasma, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum) Muscle Fiber (Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasma, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum)

Muscle Fiber Formation (Myoblast Fusion)

(Thick Filaments, Thin Filaments) Myofibrils (Thick Filaments, Thin Filaments)

Sliding Filament Theory: Sarcomere Organization Thin Filament: Actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin

Sliding Filament Theory: Relaxation and Contraction

Sliding Filament Theory: Role of Thin Filament (Tropomyosin, Troponin and Calcium)

Muscle Fibers and the Nervous System

White versus Red Muscle Fibers 2

Red Muscle Fibers White Muscle Fibers 4 3 Myoglobin Myoglobin: Respiration Type: Fiber Twitch Speed: Energy Source:

Antagonistic Muscle Action (Flexors, Extensors) Muscles only pull, they don’t contract Fig. 4-23 in Podulka et al. 2004

Flexing, Extending Wing (Supracoracoideus, Pectoralis) Fig. 5-16 in Gill 2007

Flexing, Extending Forearm (Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii)

Flexing, Extending Hand (Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Extensor Metacarpi Radialis)

Wing Muscles (Summary) (Pectoralis, Supracoracoideus, Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Extensor Metacarpi Radialis) Fig. 4-17 in Podulka et al. 2004

Skeletal Muscles of the Bird Leg Fig. 4-25 in Podulka et al. 2004

Skeletal Muscles of the Tail

Hindlimb and Tail Muscles (Summary) Iliotibialis Extensor Semitendinosus Flexor Peroneus Longus Gastrocnemius TAIL Levator Caudae Depressor Caudae

Other Muscle Types in Birds Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle: Striations, Multiple Marginal Nuclei Cardiac Muscle: Striations, Mononucleate Smooth Muscle: Unstriated, Mononucleate

Muscle Fibers and the Nervous System