Trust-Buster, Rough Rider & Teddy Bear Theodore Roosevelt : Republican 26th President of the United States of America

Brief Biography before Presidency October 27, 1858: born in New York, New York : attends Harvard University; graduates May 15 - Sept. 16, 1898: serves with First US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, the “Rough Riders” during Spanish- American War January 1, December 31, 1900: Governor of New York March 4 - September 14, 1901: Vice President of the United States 1906: awarded Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate end to Russo-Japanese War

Inherits the Presidency September 5, 1901: President William McKinley assassinated at the World’s Fair in Buffalo, New York ▫Leon Czolgosz (Zole-gosh)  anarchist  outcast

View of the Presidency strong central executive active presidency initiative for policy making use position of leadership to speak out on issues of the day

Square Deal (1) 3 C’s ▫Control of Corporations ▫Consumer Protection ▫Conservation of Natural Resources set precedents ▫social reform

Square Deal (2) wanted a “Square Deal” for both management and labor ▫accepted monopolies ▫thought business benefitted America ▫went after monopolies that paid low wages, eliminated competition, or extorted high prices by creating shortages

Issues of the Day (1) 1. America’s emergence as a world power ▫“speak softly and carry a big stick” ▫increased size of U.S. Navy  cruise of the “Great White Fleet” ▫“Roosevelt Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine  United States to keep peace in Latin America

Issues of the Day (2) 2. “trust-busting” ▫governmental control of business  break up the huge business conglomerates that dominated America’s economy  weird cartoons.... Hysteria! weird cartoons.... Hysteria!  strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission  regulate business ▫first attacks railroads ▫sides with Coal Strikers (1902) ▫44 indictments to Supreme Court

Issues of the Day (3) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) ▫established the Food and Drug Administration ▫prohibited companies from mislabeling food, drugs, or alcohol ▫required pharmaceutical companies to identify contents on the label ▫caused by public outcry against patent medicine industry published in Samuel Hopkins Adams’ The Great American Fraud Meat Inspection Act (1906) ▫enforced sanitary conditions and inspection of slaughterhouses ▫caused by public uproar from Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

Issues of the Day (4) 3. conservation ▫industry had ravished forests, coal deposits, oil fields, etc. ▫increased settlement in the west necessitated preservation of the wilderness  represented the natural heritage of the United States  protect natural resources ▫set aside nearly 125 million acres of western land as national forests  early stages of National Parks

Legacy shifted balance of power from Congress to the presidency ▫Congress in control since Andrew Johnson foreign policy brought America out of 19th century isolationism