Chapter 7 Three Tiers of Words Tier 1: Basic Words These common words are used socially in informal conversation at home and on the playground. Tier 2: Academic Words These words are used more frequently in written than in oral language. Tier 3: Specialized Words These technical words are content-specific and abstract.

Chapter 7 Levels of Word Knowledge Unknown Word Students don’t recognize the word. Initial Recognition Students have seen or heard the word or can pronounce it, but they don’t know its meaning. Partial Word Knowledge Students know one meaning of the word and can use it in a sentence. Full Word Knowledge Students know more than one meaning of the word and can use it several ways.

Chapter 7 Word-Study Concepts Multiple Meanings of Words Synonyms Antonyms Homonyms Root Words and Affixes Etymologies Figurative meanings

Chapter 7 Vocabulary Instruction  Immerse students in words through listening, talking, reading, and writing.  Teach specific words through active involvement and multiple encounters with words.  Teach word-learning strategies so students can figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words.  Develop students’ word consciousness, their awareness of and interest in words.

Chapter 7 How Effective Teachers Expand Students’ Academic Vocabulary Teachers categorize unfamiliar words into three tiers—basic words, academic vocabulary, and specialized terms. Teachers nurture students’ word consciousness. Teachers teach Tier 2 words using explicit instruction and a variety of word-study activities. Teachers support students’ development of word-learning strategies. Teachers provide daily opportunities for students to read books independently and listen to them read aloud.

Resources: Tompkins, Gail E. (2014). Literacy for the 21st century A balanced approach. Boston, MA: Pearson (6th edition)