2 nd Wave Imperialism

Definition of Imperialism - The practice of one country extending its control over the territory, political system, or economic life of another country.

Causes of 2 nd wave Industrial revolution Need for raw materials Desire for markets New technology New medicines

2 nd wave causes Nationalism Symbol of “great power” Pride in controlling every remote piece of land Politically popular Superiority complex Social Darwinism

The Scramble for Africa The focus of most of Europe’s imperialist activities in the 19 th century was Africa. /watch?v=OJe1W_HIWm A /watch?v=OJe1W_HIWm A

The Scramble for Africa Until 1880’s only the coastlines of Africa had been colonized or explored Gold, ivory and slaves had been taken from these colonies The slave trade ended in the in the 1800’s but European powers now had control of most of the African coast

Internal Reasons for Imperialism African nations lacked unity No common language Lack of common culture Wars between different groups Lack of technology Guns germs steel

The Berlin Conference Rules for the Colonization of AfricaRules for the Colonization of Africa In 1884 European powers trying to colonize Africa were coming into conflict.In 1884 European powers trying to colonize Africa were coming into conflict. To avoid further conflict 14 European powers set up rules for colonizing Africa.To avoid further conflict 14 European powers set up rules for colonizing Africa. No members of the African community were present.No members of the African community were present.

European powers could acquire colonies in the following methods. Through occupation. Notifying other European states of the occupation and claim. Showing that the European power could control the area.

Results of the Conference In 1850 most of Africa had been free. By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were free of European control.

Europeans did not find a new market for goods in Africa Africans had little currency to buy goods. Instead Europeans found that Africa had a great deal of wealth and raw materials to supply the European nations

Ottoman Empire has difficulty adapting to the modern world Bad leadership and military refusal to modernize Greece and Serbia able to break away The rest of Europe smells blood in the water Europe goes after Middle East

The British in India Up to the 1600’s India subcontinent was ruled over by many different groups simultaneously. The most powerful of the groups were the Mughals.

The British Arrive East India Co. – Wanted to monopolize the spice trade out of India. E.I.C. negotiate with Mughals for trade ports and build factories out of Bengal in exchange for naval support from Britain.

1760 – 1790 Constant wars in India British decide only way to stop wars is to take control British control India by 1818

Why India Plantation products Indigo – dye for cloth Coffee – south America not a big producer yet Cotton – increased production during US civil war Opium – traded this highly addictive drug to china for tea which was England’s favorite drink

China Opium Wars – Boxer Rebellion -

Impacts of Imperialism Japanese-Russo War – Japan expands and Russian Tsar weakened (commoners revolt) x4VcmHfxU&list=PLC5CE0BBB9AB8FFAC&index=18 x4VcmHfxU&list=PLC5CE0BBB9AB8FFAC&index=18 China – falls under European sphere of influence. Weakened Emperor Henry Puyi – 1911 ends reign Forced industrialization in colonies Artisans loose income Western education spreads

Impacts of Imperialism Traditional societies change No longer substance farming Women’s role change Communities to cities Communities to tribes Changing religion Deepening religious divide in India

Impacts of Imperialism Introduction of private property rights African farmers were pushed on to marginal lands Economies all oriented to exporting raw materials (“primary produce”) and generating revenue for colonial power

What is Africa's political and economic status today? When colonialism fell in the last half of the 20th century, conflict followed. The boundaries of the colonial colonies were artificial and did not reflect cultural identities. For over two hundred years, Africans were not allowed to develop their own economic infrastructure or develop governments. Consequently, when the colonies obtained freedom, military dictators often ruled. Killing wars, poverty, and disease followed.