World History/Geography Greece Chapter 5 Sections 3-5

Quiz 1.What is the name of the first people to civilize the mainland Greeks? 2.What is ARETE? 3.Who were the first people to settle on mainland Greece? 4.What is the name of the war that was fought between Mycenae and Troy? 5.Why were there no written records for 400 years? 6.How did people know of the Trojan War? 7.What kinds of human qualities did the gods have? 8.What is the Greek name for a city state? 9.What type of government does Sparta have? 10.What type of government does Athens have? 11.What is the name of the war where Athens and Sparta fight against Persia? 12.What is the name of the man who ran from marathon to Athens? 13.What city state emerges after this war to be the most powerful and the center of Greek life?

BCE Grab an Athens/Sparta packet from the table and fill out the Venn diagram on the back page comparing Athens and Sparta. You may use any information in your notes as well as the packet. This needs to be complete with as many items as possible in each circle. When you are finished, write your name on it and turn it into the bin.

BCE 1.What is a phalanx? 2.What is the Greek name for a City-State?

Persian Wars Revolt Greeks Vs. Persians Battle at Marathon –Stalemate –Phiedippidies Battle at Thermopylae Victory at Sea

Outcomes of Persian War City states gain sense of confidence and freedom Sparta is depleted Athens becomes leading city

Pericles Age of Pericles –Skillful politician/general –Golden age of Greece Three goals: 1.To strengthen Athenian democracy 2.To hold and strengthen the empire 3.To glorify Athens

Stronger Democracy Democracy: Rule by the people –Citizens vote Athens: most democratic governments in history –Demos : people –Kratos : power Democratic System –Assembly –Generals –Magistrates American Government –comes from Greek model

Pericles Expands Democracy Political power exercised by citizens Three branches of government Legislative branch passes laws Executive branch carries out laws Judicial branch conducts trials with paid jurors

Athenian Empire Delian League –Created to push out Persia –Collected a tax Strongest navy in Mediterranean –Increased safety of empire –Overseas trade to obtain supplies of grain/raw materials

Glorify Athens Bought gold, ivory, and marble Artisans/architects Parthenon –Built to honor Athena –Housed Greek art (sculptures)

Greek Drama Theatrical production –Expression of civic pride –Tribute to the Gods Tragedy –Serious drama –Love, hate, war… Comedy –Slapstick situations –Crude humor

Spartans and Athenians go to War Athens grows to mighty empire Sparta declares war –Peloponnesian War Pericles’ orders army to stay in Athens

Sparta: Gains the Edge Plague killed 2/3 rds of Athenians (Pericles) Athens severely crippled Spartans defeat Athenian navy –Hellespont 29yrs. of war: Athens loses its empire

War brings change Philosophers-lovers of wisdom –Universe controlled by unchanging laws –Understood through logic and reason Power of thought –Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Age of Philosophers Socrates –Examine beliefs –Question and answer approach –“There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance” Plato –Student of Socrates –The Academy Aristotle –Attended the academy –Considered to be the ultimate authority on issues

Empire is Created in Classical Greece King of Macedonia seeks more land –Philip II Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great –Conquers most of known world Antigonid (Greece/Macedon) Ptolemaic (Egypt) Seleucid (Turkey to India) Fall of Empire –Defeat in India –No heirs left behind –Split into 3 parts

BCE 1. What are Pericles’ three goals and how did he and Athens achieve them?

Hellenistic Culture Result of Alexander’s policies Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures mix Alexandria –Commerce & Trade Science & Technology –Astronomy –Physics (Euclid, Archimedes) –Philosophy (Stoicism, Epicureanism) –Art (Colossus of Rhodes)

CE Who was Alexander the Great and why is he famous?

BCE Turn to page in your book. Look at the pictures and read about each one. Answer the 2 questions on the bottom right hand corner of the page. 1. How does the Parthenon display the Greek preferences for symmetry and balance? 2. On what does our culture today base its standards of beauty? Give examples.

CE What are Pericles’ three goals and how did he and Athens achieve them?