BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Movement Patterns Why is it important to have a system? To establish a global standard for communication To allow interpretation of analysis Reduces errors within Sports Science team communication Increases Coach – Athlete understanding

The Anatomical Position Anatomical Reference Position erect standing position feet slightly separated arms hanging relaxed at the sides palms of hands facing forward

Planes of Movement FRONTAL (or coronal) separates the body into Anterior and Posterior parts HORIZONTAL (or transverse) separates the body into Superior and Inferior parts SAGITTAL separates the body into Left & Right halves

Axes of Movement FRONTAL; AXIS VERTICAL AXIS Perpendicular to ground. SAGITTAL AXIS Runs from front to back. FRONTAL; AXIS Perpendicular to the Vertical axis; runs from left to right.

Movement Patterns INVESTIGATE: Abduction v Adduction Extension v Flexion Horizontal Flexion v Horizontal Extension Elevation v Depression Supination v Pronation Dorsiflexion v Plantarflexion Eversion v Inversion Rotation & Circumduction

Movement Actions PRIME MOVER or AGONIST Provides desired joint movement. SYNERGISTS (Neutralisers) Assist the Prime Mover. FIXATOR Prevents undesired joint movement at origin of Prime Mover SUPPORTER Act against pull of gravity ANTAGONIST Opposing and contrasting muscle to Agonist

Types of Contraction Concentric Contraction Eccentric Contraction Shortening of the muscle Eccentric Contraction Lengthening of the muscle – during contraction! Isotonic Contraction Equal tension in the muscle throughout action Isokinetic Contraction Equal Speed throughout the movement Isometric Contraction Static position despite contraction

REFERENCES Web Site http://www.ulb.ac.be/project/vakhum/vrml/tutorials-example/vakhum_tutorials.htm