- A weak place in the diaphragm due to injury or congenital defect. As a result, the stomach, colon, or other abdominal organ may protrude upward through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity. Difficulty in swallowing and discomfort may occur.

-An open sore in the mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. May be caused by a variety of things like stress. However, recent research has found that an acid resistant bacteria, Heliobacter pylori, destroys the protective layer resulting in damage. The more layers of the organ that are involved the more serious the complications may be.

-"Orange Colored". Progressive chronic inflammation. May result from chronic Alcoholism or chronic hepatitis-liver connective tissue. regenerates faster than hepatocytes. The liver becomes fibrous and activity becomes depressed.