Securing women’s land rights in customary settings: Lessons from Africa Harold Liversage, Land Tenure Adviser, IFAD World Bank Land & Poverty Conference, Washington, March, 2014
Context Increasing policy and statutory recognition of diverse customary tenure systems. Growing recognition of the role of women in agriculture and of the need for women’s empowerment. Sometimes in tension – how to resolve? Recognize that “custom” is not cast in stone. Exploit opportunities in both customary and modern institutions and systems – multiple, complementary interventions. Above all: ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT in context of rural transformation.
Some tools Community self-analysis of poverty and power. Understanding women’s social empowerment, especially how they influence decision making in diverse social systems. Working with but also transforming customary decision making systems Eg: Local Livelihood Fora, South Nyanza, Kenya – HIV/AIDS, widow inheritance and intra-family land grabbing from widows and orphans. Household mentoring in Uganda
More tools Mapping multiple land & natural resource use – either linked to recognizing or changing these uses Support for intra-family & local dispute resolution – often involves elderly men but women can influence, linked to para-legal services – eg: Burundi (also ULA in Uganda) Co-spousal registration and women’s representation in land admin (Ethiopia, Rwanda) Inheritance laws – challenges in cultural practice, requires civic education, linked to household mentoring. Don’t assume that fathers don’t want their daughters to inherit. Linked to will writing & literacy training
Economic empowerment and transformation of rural economies Improving access to CPRs (eg: forest reserves around Mount Kenya) – linked to land use planning and support for strengthening / formalization of CPR institutions (eg: Forest Associations). Improving income generating opportunities for women – in farming (eg: chicken, goats, pigs and fish and fodder production in pastoralist communities) - & off-farm (eg: processing, trading) – a basis for securing use rights & buying land in their own right. Tools continued
Regional & global KM & dialogue Have formulated a corporate land policy to guide project / programme design & implementation. ESA’s Tenure Security Learning Initiative – 5 thematic areas, women’s land access as one thematic area African Land Policy Framework & Guidelines – AUC, UNECA, AfDB – women’s access to land one thematic area FAO led Voluntary Guidelines on Tenure Security WB led Land Governance Assessment Framework Final Word