Polar Communications & Weather (PCW) Mission Mike Manore, Louis Garand, David Bradley - Environment Canada Guennadi Kroupnik – Canadian Space Agency

Motivation for an Arctic Mission A rapidly changing environment rapidly diminishing ice cover, amplified climate change region of high meteorological and climate significance Growing need for operational information infrastructure increased marine and air traffic – civilian and military economic development, services, sovereignty for support to operations, safety, regulation, science A gap in global communications and observation systems lack of braodband satcom >75° sparse in-situ observing networks geostationary observing systems not suitable >55° Other support for Canada’s Northern Strategy economic development environmental protection sovereignty active region of space weather

Polar Communications and Weather Mission - Objectives 1. Reliable communications and navigation services in the high latitudes (North of 70º) to ensure: - seamless 24/7 broadband, two-way connectivity - uninterrupted data (IP) transfer - interoperability with existing communications services 2. High temporal/spatial resolution meteorological data above 50º N in support of: ‒ Numerical Weather Prediction (short to medium range) ‒ Environmental monitoring, emergency response ‒ Climate monitoring 3. Space Weather Monitoring Canadian-led mission with international partnerships Canadian Space Agency leadership

Payloads and Mission Primary Payloads (Core mission): –Ka-band (4 beams) and X–band (1 beam) 2-way High Data Rate communication –Imaging Spectroradiometer (16-20 channels, km VIS, 2 km IR) –Space weather suite of instruments Secondary Payloads (Enhanced mission) –Additional mass and power capacity may permit secondary payloads (under evaluation); e.g.; ‒ GNSS augmentation, Air Traffic Management ‒ Science instruments: Broadband radiometer, Aurora Imager, Atmospheric composition instrument (UV-NIR), Fourier Transform spectrometer (IR, similar to IASI) ‒ Technology demonstration: Software defined radio, V-band communications

Areas of Interest Meteorological Coverage Requirement (50ºN) Meteorological Coverage Goal (45ºN) Canadian Communications Coverage Requirement (may be expanded in enhanced mission)

Mission Overview Primary (Core) Mission 2 satellites in HEO orbit Molniya or other – tbd 2-way, 24/7 high data rate communication services up to 12 Mb/sec Ka-band + X-band GEO-like imagery N min refresh ABI-like channels km VIS, 2 km IR Space-weather sensors tbd based on final orbit Secondary (Enhanced) Mission (tbd) GNSS augmentation Air Traffic Mgt Science instruments (at proposal stage) e.g., auroral imager, broadband radiometer, UV-NIR, FTS, …

Preliminary Spacecraft Concept Mass: up to 2000 kg Power: up to 4000 W Pointing Knowledge: 7.6 arcsec Pointing Control: 55.1 arcsec Ka + X-band telecom antennas Meteo instrument aperture

Spacecraft Concept 8 Mass: up to 2039 kg Power: up to 2219 W

Preliminary Services Concept Ka-band downlink to gateway station 2-way telecom beams (4) (for Canadian area of interest) Imaging area for meteo instrument

10 Figure 1: Overview PCW Ground Segment Architecture (MDA) L1 L0 L1 L2+ L1 L2+ L1 Comms TT+C Space Segment Gateway Station Meteo and SW Processing Comms

Comms Payload X-band, commercial Ka-band, and government Ka-band planned. Ka-band is also to support downlink for met data. –Forward Link: 4 commercial channels + 4 government channels. –Return Link: 1 commercial channels + 1 government channel + 1 mesh channel. Coverage Areas –Ka-band: to be served by 4 user beams and one gateway beam. –X-band: to consist of one user beam with re-use of Ka-band gateway beam. 11 Frequency BandEarth to SpaceSpace to Earth Military X Band* Commercial Ka Band Military Ka Band 7.9 – 8.4 GHz 7.25 – 7.75 GHz 29.5 – 30.0 GHz 19.7 – 20.2 GHz 30.0 – 31.0 GHz 20.2 – 21.2 GHz

Ground Segment 12 Backup PCW Operations Center – Location (TBC) SCC MC

Wavelength (microns) HeritageGoal spatial resolution (km) Main applications ABI-011Surface ABI Wind, clouds ABI-03 SGL1 SW Wind, aerosols, vegetation Snow grain ABI-041Cirrus ABI-051Snow-cloud distinction ABI-06 2Cloud phase ABI-07 2fog/ fire detection, Ice/cloud separation, wind ABI-08 2Wind, humidity ABI-09 2Wind, humidity ABI-10 2Wind, humidity ABI-11 2Total water ABI-12 2Total ozone ABI-13 2Cloud, surface ABI-14 2Cloud, SST, ash ABI-15 2Ash, SST ABI-16 2Cloud height MODIS-34 2Cloud height MODIS-35 2Cloud height MODIS-36 2Cloud height PCW Imager Definition: 20 Channels

Baseline List of PCW Met Products CATEGORYPRODUCT Imagery Level 1C imagery Level 2 imagery Priority 1 - Near Real Time Level 2 products derived from Level 1C AMV: Atmospheric Motion Vectors Cloud mask Clear sky radiances Cloud height, amount, emissivity, temperature Volcanic ash height (optical depth) Fog and surface visibility Forest fires. Hot spots CATEGORYPRODUCT Priority 2 - Level 2/3 Elaborated at EC- Dorval Snow/ice mapping (cover and depth) SST: sea surface temperature LST: land surface temperature Surface albedo Aerosol optical depth Atmospheric stability index Aircraft icing threat Total ozone CATEGORYPRODUCT Priority 2 - Level 3 climate essential variables – Elaborated at CCRS NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index FPAR LAI: Leaf Area Index Radiative fluxes Land surface emissivity

Cooperation with NOAA Participation in meteo International User and Science Team since initiation –science and operational inputs to User Requirements Document (URD) NOAA PCW Workshop – December 2010 –strong support for PCW mission concept and services ▪at operational and senior management level –multiple areas for potential cooperation identified ▪validation of user requirements (meteo, comms, space weather) ▪science and applications development ▪instrument technology and cal/val ▪data processing and product dissemination ▪space weather instrumentation and products NOAA-Canada Coordination Group –validate applicability of PCW capabilities to NOAA requirements –define and scope potential areas of cooperation –engage other interested US agencies (e.g., USAF, USN, NASA, …) –report to senior management – NOAA, CSA, EC – June 2011

Major Milestones Phase 0 completed: September 2008 –User and Science Teams formed Phase A Approved: November 2008 Phase A contract awarded: July 2009 Phase A Major Milestones: –Phase A kicked-off: July 2009 –Technology Readiness Assessment Review: October 2009 –Mission Requirements Review: February 2010 –Preliminary System Requirements Review: June 2010 –Phase A Final Review – March 2011 Procurement Strategy defined: 2011 Phase B/C/D contract award: 2012* Satellite launch: 2016* Beginning of operations: 2017* * Subject to final mission approval

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