Metals Other Useful Minerals Gemstones Uses of Minerals Ch 3.3 Pages 62-66 Mineral Resources Ores Prospecting Smelting Mining

Gemstones Valued: Used for: Rare Color Durability Glassy Luster Jewelry Decoration Mechanical Parts Grinding and Polishing

Metals Useful for: Stretched into wire Flattened into sheets Hammered or molded without breaking. Metal Tools and Machinery Metal filament in light bulb. Steel girders used to frame buildings. Sources 1. Aluminum 2. Iron 3. Copper 4. Silver

Other Useful Minerals Foods Fertilizers Medicines Building materials Talcum powder. Fluorite- used in making aluminum and steel Quartz- Making Glass, electronic equipment, and watches Kaolin- Make fine china and pottery. Gypsum- make wall board, cement and stucco Corundum- used in polishing and cleaning products.

Ores A mineral that contains a metal or economically useful mineral. Chalcopyrite Copper Hematite and Magnetite Iron Bauxite Aluminum Galena Lead

Prospecting Searching for an ore deposit: Looking for: Certain features on Earth’s surface. Observe the rocks on Earth’s surface. Examine plants in an area Test stream water for the presence of certain chemicals.

Mining Geologists map an ore deposit, help miners decide how to mine. 3 Types. 1. Strip Mine Earth moving equipment scrapes away soil to expose ore. 2. Open Pit Mines- use giant earthmoving equipment to dig a huge pit. 3. Shaft Mines- network of tunnels that extend deep into the ground following the veins of ores.

Mining (Environmental Issues) Leaves scars on the land. Reclamation Waste materials Dangerous Pollution 8

Smelting An ore is melted to separate the useful metal from other elements the ore contains. 1. Iron ore crushed mixed with limestone and baked with coal Mixtuer put blast furnace. As it burns, chemical reaction causes CO2 gas and molten iron. Iron sinks to bottom of the furnace, impurities left called slag. Slag and molten iron are poured off through taps in the blast furnace.

Alloy A solid mixture of 2 or more metals. Steel bronze