The Golden Age of Islam AP World History 9 Sachem North High School Dr. Afxendiou

Height of civilization reached during Abbasid rule.  growth of professional classes – doctors, scholars, scientists  artists and craftspeople

Architecture crafts and art Blend together Arabic, Persian and Turkish traditions Art is expressed in Mosques decorations are arabesques- geometric patterns of Arabic letters, plants, & abstract figures No representation of Muhammad in any art. Prophet warned against imitating God by creating pictures

Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem: Where Muhammad Ascended Into Heaven

Mosque Of The Prophet In Medina

Crafts-tapestries and rugs

Literature Qu’ran was main book Omar Khayyam wrote Rubaiyat – about the meaning of life Arabian Nights (1001 Nights) collection of folktales & fables that were first told orally & then written down over many years Shah-Nama – the book of kings, an epic history of Persia

Philosophy Al-Ma’mun’s House of Wisdom in Baghdad, Arab scholars translated Greek works by Plato, Aristotle, etc. Mathematics texts were included in their studies

Philosophy Ibn-Rushd – Averroes a scholar wrote commentaries on Aristotle’s works. Tried to blend Aristotle and Plato with Islam – both had the same goal – to find truth.

Sciences and Mathematics Preserved and compiled the learning of earlier civilizations Corrected algebraic and geometric theories of Ancient Greeks  al-jabr – bring together unknowns to get to a known quantity  Trigonometry – sine, cosine, tangent

Sciences and Mathematics Chemistry ◦The objective experiment – moved away from the logic used by Greeks to using experiments ◦Classification System for all material substances – animal, vegetable, mineral  Able to calculate specific weight of 18 minerals

Science and Mathematics Astronomical instruments ◦Astrolabe – calculated time, celestial events, and relative position ◦used by sailors to determine location by looking at position of planets & stars observatory in Baghdad where scientists studied and named many stars

Medicine developed medicine as a field of study - trained doctors and pharmacists Ibn Sina wrote medical encyclopedia, Canon of Medicine, it showed how diseases could spread al-Razi – greatest physician between , wrote about treatment of smallpox and measles

Primary Source Acquire knowledge. It enableth its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lighteth the way to Heaven; it is our friend in the desert, our society in solitude, our companion when friendless; it guideth us to happiness; it sustaineth us in misery; it is an ornament amongst friends, and an armour against enemies. Muhammad, quoted in The Sayings of Muhammad

Answer the following on your aim page: What connection can you make between the achievements of the Islamic world and the teachings of Muhammad?