C ombined A erosol T rajectory T ool CATT Indicates the origin of air masses for specific aerosol condition MANE-VU & MRPO Tools in support of Inter-RPO Data Analysis Workgroup CAPITA

Trajectory Aggregator – User Defined Filter

Kitty – Simple Combined Aggregator Back trajectory coming from one site

CATT – Combined Aerosol Trajectory Aggregator

Differing TrajPoint weight combinations These were all created using the CATT Aerosol Trajectory Aggregator

Fine Particle (PM 2.5) – Decreasing concentration limit

C ombined A erosol T rajectory T ool (CATT) Example: Airmass origin for high (2.5*average) nitrate Boundary Waters Lye BrookSmoky Mtn. Doly Sods Triangulation indicates nitrate source in the corn belt

CATT Tool User Interface Map View: Superimposed GIS layers Layer Controls: Location selector Parameter selector Filter conditions CATT: Single web page Rendering Zoom, Pan, Point Color, Size, Visibility

Weather Serv. Upper Air Data NOAA ARL ATAD ATAD Traject Gebhart (2002) NPS-CIRA IMPROVEData PMF Tool Pareto (2001) PMF “Sources” Coutant (2002) CATT Tool Husar (2003) Aggregation Poirot (2003) Direction of Dust Origin at 5 IMPROVE Sites Ad hoc Data Processing Value Chain High ‘dust’ concentration at 5 sites indicate the same airmass pathway from the tropical Atlantic

SQL Queries SELECT Lat as lat, Lon as lon, Loc_Code as loc_code, SUM(ResTime) AS [VALUE] FROM dTrajResTime WHERE ([Date] IN (SELECT datetime FROM dSourceApp WHERE (Loc_Code = 'loc_code') sql_filter_clause)) GROUP BY GridCode, Lat, Lon, Loc_Code ORDER BY Lon ASC Settings that are unique to a specific query are designated by red text Query (filter) result: List of dates the satisfy the chemical filter conditions

Trajectory and Residence Time Grid Residence time and ATAD trajectory data superimposed for June 1, Residence time aggregate (sum) for a range of dates

Airmass Source Regions by Season e.g. Sum Residence Time for Loc=LYBR, Date between June-Sept Lye Brook, DJF Gr Smoky Mtn, JJA Lye Brook, JJA Gr Smoky Mtn, JJA

Seasonal Incremental Probability Year MAMDJF JJA SON

Secular Changes: ;

Transport Probability Metrics The transport metric is calculated from two residence time grids, one for all trajectories and another for trajectories on selected (filtered days). Both residence time grids are normalized by the sum of all resdence times in all grid cells: p ij f =r ij /  r ij p ij a =r ij /  r ij p ij f, is the filtered and p ij a is the unfiltered residence time probabilitiy that an airmasses passes through a specific grid. There is a choice of transport probaility metrics: The Incremental Residence Time Probability (IRTP) proposed by Poirot et al., 2001 is obtained by subtracting the chemically filtered grid from the unfiltered residence time grid, IRTP = p ij f - p ij a The other metric is the Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) proposed by Hopke et al., 19xx which is the ratio of the filtered and unfiltered residence time probabilities, PSCF = p ij f / p ij a

Transport Metric Selection Currently, there is a choice of two different transport probability metrics: Incremental Residence Time Probability (IRTP) proposed by Poirot et al., 2001 is the difference between the chemically filtered and unfiltered residence time probalbilities. Positive values of IRTP in a grid indicates more than average liekihood of transport; (red); negative IRTP values (blue) represent less than average likeihood of transport. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) proposed by Hopke et al., 19?? is computed as the ratio of the filtered and unfiltered residence time probabilities. Higher values of PSCF is indicative of inreased source contribution. Greens Metric, Clustering….etc The desired metric is selected through a dialog box invoked by clicking on the right-most button in the TRAJ_CHEM layer.

Incremental Transport Probability

Results

C ombined A erosol T rajectory T ool (CATT)

CATT Presentation and Workgroup Discussions

Project Status/Summary Phase II Completed 1.Relational Database of PMF/UNMIX and trajectory data: Complete 2.Develop specific SQL filtering and aggregation queries Chemical filtering/aggregation: Developed Trajectory filtering/aggregation: Developed Paired Chemical/Trajectory data: Developed, needs user input, testing, feedback 3.Graphic interface for user input (query) and for data output: Developed, needs user input, testing, more feedback

Next Process Why? How? When? Where? The new CATT: A Community Tool! Part of an Analysis Value Chain Aerosol Data Collection IMP. EPA Aerosol Sensors Integration VIEWS Integrated AerData AEROSOL Weather Data Assimilate NWS Gridded Meteor. Trajectory ARL Traject. Data TRANSPORT TrajData Cube Aggreg. Traject. AerData Cube CATT Aggreg. Aerosol CATT-In CAPITA There! Not There! Further Analysis GIS Grid Processing Emission Comparison

New CATT Components: TrajData Cube Aggreg. Traject. AerData Cube CATT Aggreg. Aerosol CATT-In CAPITA Chemical filter Accomplished through queries to chemical data sets. The output a list of “qualified” dates for a specific location (s). Trajectory aggregator Receives the list of dates for a specific location Performs the trajectory/restime aggregation Yield transport pattern for specific receptor location and chemical filter conditions. Trajectory Aggregator Tool Inputs: –Receptor location. Single location; multiple receptors; weighed multi-site –Receptor times. Time range for each site –Temporal filter/weight conditions. Date range; specific dates; weights for each date –Trajectory input files. Pre-computed or on the fly calculated (e.g. HYSPLIT, ATAD etc) –Trajectory aggregation metrics. Endpoint counts, residence time, incr. probability TAT Output: –XMLGrid, GIS layers, ASCII point –Rendered contour images of transport metric

Project Extension Proposal to MANE_VU: Extensions to the CATT Analysis Tool 1.Flexible connectivity to chemical datasets, especially to VIEWS 2.Flexible import of pre-calculated back-trajectory data 3.Additional chemical filtering and trajectory aggregation algorithms 4.Spatial interpolation and rendering (contouring) of point data 5.CATT server hardware and software installation and maintenance

CATT Extension 1: VIEWS and other Aerosol Datasets Background: A combined aerosol trajectory aggregation tool, CATT, has been developed for easy aggregation and browsing of airmass histories associated with specific aerosol conditions. The CATT tool, is now supported (MANEVU/MRPO) for 16 stations and for pre-calculated residence times. Proposal: We propose to extend the CATT tool by allowing the use of the entire VIEWS chemical database and other remotely accessible datasets to set the aerosol filter conditions. Implementation and Status: The technologies or remotely accessing the VIEWS and other databases and performing chemical filtering queries to VIEWS has been tested for feasibility. This extension to CATT has was option on the Phase II contract but funds were not available. Husar will lead this effort in close cooperation with B. Schichtel of CIRA/VIEWS. Deliverables: The main deliverable of this sub-project is a fully functioning CATT aerosol transport analysis tool applicable to the entire VIEWS database as well as to other chemical/trajectory data pairs.

Extending CATT to VIEWS Current MANEVU/MRPO Project Proposed Extension to VIEWS ‘On the fly trajectory aggregation for 150+ VIEWS sites (supported by EPA- CATT- TAT) 16 sites 180+ VIEWS sites over the entire US; 100+ ‘species’ 15 ‘species’

CATT Tool Implementation Further information about CATT is available, including tesing. available The tool displays the incremental transport probability for specified query conditions Combined Aerosol Trajectory Tool - CATT Query Conditions

CATT Extension 2: Trajectory Data Connectivity Background: The extended CATT tool should be applicable to an evolving list of datasets. Each new dataset consists of an aerosol monitoring dataset and a companion trajectory dataset. Thus, for each new CATT dataset, the trajectory data will be submitted to the CATT system separately. Proposal: We propose the development of a procedure for easy import of pre-computed trajectory data into the CATT trajectory database. At a minimum, the trajectory import facility will include ATAD and HYSPLIT trajectory formats. Implementation and Status: The trajectory import facility does not exists. In the past, trajectory import to CATT was executed through special one-of-a kind program. The new, semi-automated import facility will facilitate data transfer through FTP and subsequent import to CATT. The task will be executed by the CAPITA database/network manager. Deliverables: The main deliverable of this sub-project is a functioning import facility for ATAD and HYSPLIT and possibly other data formats.

CATT Extension 3: Filtering and Aggregation Algorithms Background: CATT is an exploratory tool to examine the relationship between aerosol pattern and the associated transport conditions. An n evolving set of algorithms that evaluates that relationship. Proposal: We propose to develop a flexible framework for adding new aerosol filtering and trajectory aggregation algorithms. The initial algorithms will include, incremental probability, residence time ratio, aerosol- weighed residence time, trajectory clustering, followed by emerging new algorithms. Some schemes will be implemented in multi-receptor mode. Implementation and Status: Currently, the incremental probability and residence time ratio algorithms are implanted in the CATT tool. Deliverables: Extension 3 of the CATT tool will implement the aerosol-weighed residence time, trajectory clustering algorithms. At least two additional new filtering/aggregation schemes will be added to the tool.

CATT Extension 4: Spatial Interpolation and Rendering Background: A tool for transforming point measurement data to a continuous surface would aid the analysis of CATT transport as well as VIEWS chemical data. In particular, gridding/contouring will allow comparison with other data from monitoring, emissions, satellite as well as with model results/ Proposal: We propose to incorporate spatial interpolation and rendering facilities into the CATT tool. The Gridder/Contourer tool will be applicable to the spatial datasets from CATT, VIEWS as well as other spatial point data. Implementation and Status: The gridder/contourer technology has been developed at CAPITA over the past 15 years. Stefan Falke, who did his PhD dissertation on spatial interpolation will lead the effort. Deliverables: The deliverable of this sub-task is is a web-based Gridder/Contourer incorporated in CATT. The outputs from the Gridder/Contour will be suitable for import into GIS and other processing/rendering software.

Spatial Interpolation and Rendering Spatial Interpolation Settings Interpolate PM25 Conc. The spatial interpolation operator transforms a data table to a gridded map using nearby measurement data. The gridding and contouring of the selected data is done ‘on the fly’ by the user Point Rendering PM25 Conc. Grid PM25 Contour Rendering

Gridding: Accounting for Data Density The advanced spatial interpolation algorithm accounts for the variations in point data density inherent in air quality monitoring networks. The resulting interpolated estimates are more representative of the urban and rural differences in air pollutant concentrations. Low Point Data Density High Point Data Density

Rendering: Rectangular, Contour, Lines Rectangular Grid Cells Contoured Grid Cells Contoured Grid Lines A flexible display rendering of gridded data will be implemented to accommodate different applications. The flexibility enables clearer presentation and easier comparison with other data.

CATT Extension 5: CATT Server Maintenance Background: The web-based CATT tool needs to reside on a web server, consisting of three parts: (1) SQL server that manages the relational database for chemical and trajectory data (MS SQL Server); (2) General-purpose web server to respond to HTTP queries (MS IIS); (3) CATT analysis server for the computation and presentation of CATT analysis. Proposal: This task covers the installation and maintenance of the CATT web-delivery delivery system (SQL Server, Web Server, CATT Server) for one year. Implementation and Status: The server hardware and software used in Phase II CATT project is currently operational. For this CATT- extension, all 3 servers will be upgraded to some extent, including the hardware. The CATT system will be maintained by Kari Hojarvi at CAPITA.. Deliverables: A web-based CATT tool will be upgraded, installed and maintained for one year by CAPITA staff.

CATT Server Hardware and VIEWS Connectivity VIEWS Data VIEWS Business Logic Auxiliary Data VOYGER Browser VIEWS & Auxiliary Data Analysis Tools & Delivery VIEWS Viewer Data Replication Software Replication CATT Analysis Server Analysis & Aux. Data Viewer CATT server connected to CIRA and CAPITA CAPITA Server CIRA Server