 Gmsw Gmsw

 How are people with unpopular views treated?

 Americans were tired and wanted normal lives  Leads to nativism – prejudice against foreign- born people and isolationism – pulling away from involvement in world affairs

 Communism ◦ Asingle-party government ruled by a dictatorship ◦ No private property ◦ Government owns factories, railroads, other businesses

 Red Scare ◦ Communist revolution in Russia (1919) ◦ Communist Party forms in the U.S.  Palmer Raids ◦ Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer hunts down suspected political radicals (Communists, anarchists, socialists)  Sacco and Vanzetti ◦ Foreigners and immigrants were easy targets ◦ Italian immigrants and anarchists found guilty of robbery and murder

 Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were charged with _____________ because they were ______________.

1.What were some the reactions in the U.S. to the perceived threat of communism? 2.What role did General A. Mitchell Palmer play? 3.How were Sacco and Vanzetti affected by the social climate (nativist attitude) of the 1920s

 1880s – new immigrants from southern and eastern Europe worked for low wages  After WWI there were fewer unskilled jobs

 Ku Klux Klan (KKK) uses anti- communism as an excuse to harass “outsiders”  Blame problems on immigrants  Paid to recruit

 In the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan was able to greatly increase its membership by ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________.

 Emergency Quota Act of 1921  Limits immigration from eastern and southern Europe  Prohibits Japanese immigration  1.5 million Canadians and Mexicans arrive in the U.S.

 Immigration policy of the 1920s limited people coming from _______________.

 During WWI = no strikes  After the war, wages were not increased  Employers said Union members were Communists to keep wages low  Major strikes ◦ Boston Police ◦ Steel Mill ◦ Coal Miners

 By then end of the 1920s union membership greatly declined ◦ Immigrants worked for low wages

 During the 1920s Union membership was greatly _____________________________.

 1. What were the Palmer raids?  2. What did the Ku Klux Klan advocate?  3. How did the quota system limit immigration? Which groups did it hurt the most?  4. What prompted the steel strike of 1919?  5. For what reasons did union membership decline during the 1920s?  6. What unions were open to African Americans?

 How do you feel after getting back from a vacation? Are you glad to get back to your normal routines?

 Problems with arms control and war-torn countries  1921 – Pres. Harding invites world leaders to Washington Naval Conference  U.S., G. Britain, Japan, Italy, and France agree not to build warships  1928 – 15 countries sign the Kellogg-Briand Pact – give up war as a national policy

 Britain and France have to pay back $10 billion to U.S. ◦ Sell goods to the U.S. ◦ Collect reparations from Germany  Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922) ◦ Raises taxes on U.S. imports to 60 percent! ◦ French troops march into Germany to collect ◦ Dawes Plan – American investors loan Germany $2.5 billion who pay Britain and France who pay the U.S. ◦ No one is pleased

 Govt. stays out of business affairs and social reform  Ohio Gang = poker playing buddies who use their political power to make money (graft)

 Oil-rich public lands at Teapot Dome, Wyoming were set aside for naval use  Albert Fall, member of Harding’s cabinet, leases the land to private oil companies and receives $400,000  Convicted of bribery

 Warren G. Harding dies suddenly in 1923  One of the least successful presidents

Henry Ford’s Model T

 “It will take us a hundred years to tell whether you helped us or hurt us, but you certainly didn’t leave us where you found us.”  Has the automobile improved American lives? Why? Why not?

 Pres. Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover are pro-business ◦ Govt. stays out + taxes down + high tariffs on foreign imports  Invention of the automobile – 1927 Model T Ford ◦ Paved roads ◦ Garages ◦ Gas stations ◦ Shopping centers ◦ Rural families could travel ◦ Vacation ◦ Young men and women could travel ◦ Urban sprawl = cities spread because people can commute to work ◦ Detroit + Akron = car factories ◦ California + Texas = expansion due to oil

 “Parking” for teenagers  Status symbol  Common people could afford the Model T

 The _________________ was the main factor that contributed to urban sprawl because ________________.

 What products do you use to make your life easier? Imagine life without basic electrical appliances (refrigerator, washing machine, communication devices).

 U.S. Post Office  Transatlantic flights by Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart  1927 Pan American Airways had the first transatlantic passenger flight

 Airplanes were first used during times of peace for transporting _________________.

 1920 – 1929 – Americans owned 40% of the world’s wealth  Annual income rose  What to do with the “extra” money?

 Gasoline = cars  Electricity = power for factories, cities, suburbs  Made life easier and more pleasant  Women had more free time

 Many Americans believed prosperity would go on forever  Factories were producing  Corporations were making fortunes

 A large income gap is created between workers and managers  Railroad industries were not successful  New farm machines -> more food -> cheaper prices  Installment plan (easy credit) – buy good over an extended time by paying a little up front -> banks provided the rest at low interest rates