Migrating Multitudes U.S. History Chapter 7.1

1. Characteristics of population of US between 1780 and 1830 (also look at graph page 187) Graph page 187 population explodes 2.7 million lived in original thirteen colonies in million in 24 states by 1830 Results were due to reproduction, not immigration average women had 4.9 children White population grew faster than African American population Percentage of African Americans begin to fall around ’s only 10% of Americans of African American descent Most under the age of 21 (median age 17) Many wanted to move away from family farms and own their own land-begin moving west

2. Settling the trans-Appalachian region Migration over mountains into Ohio, Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland river valleys Cities begin to develop 1787 only a few hundred Europeans lived north of the Ohio River 1830 hundreds of thousands living in three states and two territories in the region Migration begins north to south, east to west along rivers Daniel Boone most famous trans-Appalachian pioneer “Blazes” trail through Cumberland Gap, cuts the Wilderness Road through the gap Florida under Spanish Control-population 11,000 in Adams-Onis Treaty (transferred Florida to US) –population ,000; ,500 Persister-small groups decided not to migrate any farther, set up homesteads permanently

3. African American Pioneers North of Ohio River-slavery illegal in accordance with Northwest Ordinance of Black Codes kept African Americans under white Americans authority Sometimes African Americans called indentured servants, even though they were slaves Many white settlers were prejudice and didn’t want African Americans to settle land, so they keep moving north

4. Effects of westward migration on Native Americans (be sure and look at map page 191) Natives migrating at the same time as all others (map page 191) Government began taking natives land Population of Native Americans continued to decline Most are hostile to Native Americans Some tribes adopted the policy of accommodation (blended Native and European cultures-Cherokee example) Many own land, cattle, businesses Change will be inevitable for everyone in the coming years (whites, African Americans, Native Americans)