APPLICATIONS Microwave heating is able to heat the target compounds without heating the entire furnace or oil bath This saves time and energy. However,

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Presentation transcript:

APPLICATIONS

Microwave heating is able to heat the target compounds without heating the entire furnace or oil bath This saves time and energy. However, due to the design of most microwave ovens and to uneven absorption by the object being heated, the microwave field is usually non-uniform and localized super heating occurs

Microwave heating can have certain benefits over conventional ovens: reaction rate acceleration milder reaction conditions higher chemical yield lower energy usage different reaction selectivities

It is time saving Increased reaction rates 1000 fold in best cases Used to accelerate chemistry in both solution &solid phase reaction Improved product yields It can be conducted in either open or closed vessels

Access to synthetic transformations not achievable via conductive heating Broad dynamic temperature range (45˚c- 300˚c) Green chemistry- reactions in supercritical water or solvent – less reaction It can be used to accelerate the synthesis of peptides It is used for parallel synthesis.

Controlled method of heating Rapid reaction optimization In organic reactions many reactions has now performed through microwave heating EXAMPLES: Acetylation reaction, Alkylation, Coupling reaction, Condensation reaction, Diel’s alder reaction, Elimination reaction etc

Heterocyclic Nucleus Synthesis Microwave is used in synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings- Pyrroles, Pyrazoles, Imidazoles, Oxazolines, Triazoles, Isoxazolines etc Benzo-Derivatives of Five-Membered Rings- Benz- imidazoles, Benz-oxazoles, Benz-thiazoles etc Six-Membered Rings- Dihydropyridines, Tetrazines, Dihydropyrimidines

Polycyclic Six-Membered Rings- Quinolines, Pyrimido [1, 2-a] pyrimidines Heterocyclic C-Alkylations, Heterocyclic N- Alkylation’s, Nucleophilic Substitutions, Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions, Intramolecular Reactions, Intermolecular Reactions, etc

Synthesis of phenytoin by conventional&microwave In conventional synthesis 2 hrs reflux is needed In microwave synthesis only 15 minutes is needed Yield is better in microwave synthesis than in conventional synthesis.

Miscellaneous Microwave assisted Extraction Microwave Ashing Microwave drying

The instrumentation developed for MAOS has more recently found application in what has been traditionally termed the biosciences. These areas include peptide synthesis proteomics and DMPK (dystrophia myotonica protein kinase).

Recent publications in the field of proteomics have shown the instrumentation used for MAOS can  be used to accelerate tryptic digests with the total time reduced from hours to minutes with a concomitant improvement in coverage.  Highthroughput proteomic applications may require the development of plate-based instrumentation to facilitate the work flow.

Ring expansion -45˚c Coupling reaction Susbstution reaction etc ˚c Super critical water green chemistry APPLICATION IN A GIVEN TEMPERATURE RANGE