The Difficulties Begin 1823-1833 Chapter 8 Section 1 Growing Tensions The Difficulties Begin 1823-1833 Chapter 8 Section 1

Differences Create Tension Trade expands Population grows 1820 – Federalists in charge – colonists left alone 1829 – Centralists in charge – new rules – colonists protest

The colonists were less independent and had to obey Mexican laws. When the Centralist Party came to power, what changed for the colonists? The colonists were less independent and had to obey Mexican laws.

Trouble Begins in East Texas 1826 – Haden Edwards awarded an empresario contract People already there Edwards HAS to recognize the rights of those with titles (most didn’t have titles) Announced that ALL settlers must show title, move, or buy title from him

The Republic of Fredonia Edwards forced to recognize previous settlers Benjamin Edwards (Haden’s bro.) declares colony independent from Mex. Alliance made with Cherokees Invaded Nacogdoches (white flag bearing words – “Independence, Liberty, and Justice” U.S. refuses to assist Edwards Brothers Fredonian Revolt collapsed when Mexican troops arrived Fredonians fled to Sabine River to U.S.

Mier y Terán Investigates U.S. Ambassador Anthony Butler suggests selling Texas to U.S. Reinforces Mexico’s fears General Mier y Terán sent to investigate Mier’s report Strong American influence Mexico must act at once or Texas is “lost forever.” President of Mexico issues a decree to abolish slavery

Why was Anglo American influence so strong in East Texas at this time? Anglo settlers outnumbered Mexican settlers by at least five to one.

The Law of April 6, 1830 Stopped immigration from U.S. Suspended most incomplete empresario contracts Encouraged immigration from Mexico and Europe Set up new forts Prevent smuggling Prevent slave trade Establishes custom duties (taxes) on goods made in foreign nations

Why did the Mexican government issue the Law of April 6, 1830? To prevent U.S. domination of Texas

Causes and Effects of Mexican/Anglo Conflict The State Colonization Law of 1825 encourages immigration New Anglo American settlers far outnumber Mexican residents Mier y Terán report warns possible loss of Texas Effects Law of April 6, 1830, Mexico forbids immigration from U.S. New limits on trade with U.S. spark Anglo protests Additional Mexican troops arrive in San Antonio

Rebellions 1831-1832 Chapter 8 Section 2 Growing Tensions Rebellions 1831-1832 Chapter 8 Section 2

Settlers Protest at Anahuac 1st serious conflict over Mexico’s actions John Davis Bradburn Commander of Mexican garrison accused of taking supplies William B. Travis & Patrick C. Jack imprisoned John Austin goes to Brazoria for a cannon

Turtle Bayou Resolutions June 13, 1832 Colonists declared loyalty to Mexico Not rebelling against Mexican authority Support Antonio López de Santa Anna (leading a revolt against Centralists) Colonel José de las Piedras takes over Anahuac and releases Travis and Jack

Clash at Velasco June 26, 1832 John Austin get cannon Mexican troops refuse to let Texans pass Col. Domingo de Ugartechea fires upon Texans Loss of life on both sides Mexicans run out of ammunition and surrender

Conventions of 1832 & 1833 New group meets New people – Sam Houston 58 delegates meet in San Felipe de Austin William H. Wharton, Rafael Manchola, Stephen F. Austin Stephen F. Austin elected president of convention Texas made separate Mexico state U.S. immigration allowed Exempt from import taxes Improved educational facilities Better protection from Indians New group meets New people – Sam Houston Adopted same resolutions as 1832 Prepared a constitution for proposed Mexican state of Texas S. F. Austin, Dr. James B. Miller, and Erasmo Seguin sent to Mexico Austin goes alone

Increased Tensions 1833-1835 Chapter 8 Section 3 Growing Tensions Increased Tensions 1833-1835 Chapter 8 Section 3

Austin’s Mission is Stalled Leaves San Felipe – goes to Mexico Santa Anna govt. is unorganized Cholera epidemic in Mexico City Frustrated, Austin writes back to Texas encouraging the formation of its own govt.

Austin is Imprisoned and Released Santa Anna agrees to some of Austin’s requests No Texas statehood Repeals law restricting immigration from U.S. Improves court and postal systems Austin leaves for Texas – arrested for previous letter encouraging Texas to establish its own govt. Remained in prison for one year (Dec 1833-1834) After released, forced to stay in Mexico City until July 1835

Reforms Begin in Texas Cholera and malaria epidemics Santa Anna’s reforms begin English is official language in business deals Increase number of govt. representatives Improve court systems Religious tolerance

Trouble Erupts Again Problems in Anahuac again Captain Antonio Tenorio – garrison commander Andrew Briscoe argued over customs duties (taxes) Briscoe arrested – Travis and group force Tenorio to release Briscoe and leave Texas Some Texans disagreed with Travis’ actions Offered letter of apology to General Martín Perfecto de Cós (Santa Anna’s brother-in-law and commander of Mexican forces in Texas/Coahuila)

General Cós Rejects the Apology Apology refused Cós demands arrests of those involved Santa Anna switched from Federalist to Centralist Cós takes troops to Texas to arrest those he considered disloyal William B. Travis Lorenzo de Zavala

Texans Call for a Consultation Convention at Washington-on-the-Brazos to discuss Cós and his desire for arrests Consultation (consulting the people on what to do) Peace Party Feared Consultation would cause trouble Only “prepare for war – if war is inevitable Hoped Austin would oppose Consultation War Party Wanted immediate declaration of independence – even if it meant war Austin approved Consultation – convinced Santa Anna is a dictator