Clash of Values Ch. 17 Section 3

Nativism Resurges Nativism and racism increased in the 1920s and led to changes in immigration laws 1920s began with an economic recession, influx of immigrants, cultural tensions Americans reacted to the bombings, strikes, and recession by blaming immigrants

Sacco-Vanzetti Case 2 men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory in Mass. (Nicola Sacco / Bartolomeo Vanzetti) Anarchists  Against any form of government control Had a similar gun and same bullets so they found them guilty Executed August 23, 1927

Return of the KKK Catholics, Jews, and Immigrants were also targets in the new KKK (Fix UNAMERICAN) William J. Simmons founded the new clan to restore white Protestantism 1924  4 million members

Controlling Immigration Immigration policies changed in response to recession and nativist pleas Emergency Quota Act  Restricted annual admission to the US to only 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the nation. National Origins  Made immigration restriction a permanent policy. (2%)

Hispanic Immigration Employers needed laborers for agriculture, mining, and railroad work Mexicans could fill that role without violating the National Origins Act of 1924. By 1929, nearly 700,000 Mexicans had immigrated into the country

Class of Cultures With women gaining the right to vote in 1920, many women sought to break free of the traditional roles Marriage Automobile Sex Women in the workforce/ Education Fashion Number of children (Lowered by Margaret Sanger) Birth Control

Fundamentalism Many saw the United States declining in morals and values (Pamphlets were spreading Fundamentalism) Bible was literally true Rejected theory of evolution Creationism Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson

Scopes Trial 1925, TN outlaws any teaching that denied Creationism ACLU  advertised for a teacher willing to be arrested for teaching evolution. John T. Scopes from Dayton, TN taught evolution and was arrested Scopes found guilty and fined $100 (later overturned due to a technicality) Fundamentalists began to decline

Prohibition January 1920, Prohibition is passed (18th amendment) Volstead Act  Treasury dept. responsible for prohibition 540,000 arrests but people kept ignoring the law Speakeasies  Places to purchase alcohol Prohibition was repealed in 1933 (21st Amendment)

Cultural Innovations New York’s Greenwich Village and Chicago’s South Side became known as centers for new artistic work Bohemian  Young artists, musicians, and writers greater freedom to express themselves Mainly hippies and lazy people who refused to work (except for art), open drug use, communal living, sexual orgies

Poets and Artists Carl Sandburg  Used common speech to glorify the Midwest (Chicago) Willa Cather  Life on the Great Plains Ernest Hemingway  Wrote about flawed “anti-heroes” who still had heroic qualities F. Scott Fitzgerald  The Great Gatsby

Popular Culture Movies & Radio Shows Charlie Chaplin most famous silent move actor 1st talking picture “The Jazz Singer” Movies, Music, Newspapers, and Magazines help to UNIFY the country

Sports Babe Ruth – Baseball Jack Dempsey – Boxing ($90,000 sales in radios) Red Grange – Football U. of Illinois Bobby Jones – Golf Bill Tilden/Helen Wills – Tennis Gertrude Ederle – 1st woman to swim English Channel