O ET Central question: How do plumes and currents interact above the Main Endeavour vent field to affect the measurement of hydrothermal heat flux? Approach.

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O ET Central question: How do plumes and currents interact above the Main Endeavour vent field to affect the measurement of hydrothermal heat flux? Approach : Submarine volcanic heat flux and hydrography: perspectives from Northeast Pacific observations, theory, and experiments Proposed dissertation for Scott Veirs in the UW School of Oceanography

HIGH BUOYANCY FLUX FIELDS: SDF = Salty Dawg HRF = High Rise MEF = Main Endeavour MF = Mothra LOW BUOYANCY FLUX FIELDS: C = Cirque D = Dune CB = Clam Bed Q = Quebec New or suspected fieldsBathymetric contour interval: 100m

1 km 100m CTD current vents

MEF Sea floor Ridge crest m above MEF sea floor Depth ~350 ABE survey CTD “ribbon” CTD “curtain” CTD “VOC” Upper control volume Lower control volume 400m wide 800m long ~500m N&S

~200m NE of MEF, 1995 ~1km S of MEF, 2000 depth/mab2175/251900/ /151968/215 Mean [cm/s]1 to N5 to SW1 to N5 to SSW Max [cm/s]567913

q_adv Sea floor Ridge crest mab Depth q_sides q_top q_focused + q_diffuse + q_conduct MEF heat flux calculation q ~  AU,  =  ref + (  z /S z )(S-S ref )

Synthesis through “puff” models

Plume distributions in stratified, oscillatory cross flow Current and surface waves Oscillating jet Lam and Xia, May, 2001 Translate source with stepper moter Concentration field from light sheet(s) and conductivity probe Conductivity probe Carriage Stratified fluid

Interconnecting observation, theory, and experiment Observations Assumptions Approaches Products CTD CurrentsMEF/sources q_top + q_sides q_advq variance Puff modelLab work q~  AU  definition and interpolation, A integration, U extrapolation; Scaling, dimensional analysis; Advection dominates rotation

Frequencies with dominant spectral power: Vertical coherence: m Horizontal coherence: >50km Other sources of data? rotary above the ridge crest rectified within the axial valley mean flows at both levels