ENERGI TERBARUKAN Dr. Ir. Agus Haryanto, M.P PS. Keteknikan Pertanian Universitas Lampung 2009

ENERGY CHALLENGES √

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BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 World primary energy consumption

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Regional primary energy consumption pattern 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Primary energy consumption per capita

World Energy Demand

World Energy Demand (by type)

Consumption Growth

World Energy Demand (by region)

Driving force 1

Energy Intensity

Driving force 2 : Population

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Oil section

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Map of proved oil reserves at end 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Distribution of proved (oil) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Oil production by area

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Oil consumption by area

Consumption growth Global oil consumption grew by 1.1% in Consumption growth was robust in oil-exporting countries.

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Oil consumption per capita

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Crude oil prices since 1861

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Major oil trade movements

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Natural gas section

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Proved natural gas reserves at end 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Distribution of proved (natural gas) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Natural gas production by area

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Natural gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Natural gas consumption by area

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Natural gas consumption per capita

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Major natural gas trade movements

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Coal section

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Proved coal reserves at end 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Coal production – Coal consumption

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Fossil fuel reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios at end 2006

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Nuclear energy section

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Nuclear energy consumption by area

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Hydroelectricity section

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Hydroelectricity consumption by area

Solar electricity capacity Growth averaged 42% pa over the past 10 years – at that rate solar capacity doubles every two years.

Solar electricity capacity Megawatts US North America Germany Spain Europe Jepang Total Others Total

Geothermal The slowest growing renewable energy in Geothermal capacity grew by 4.2% (422 MW) in 2008, to reach 10.4 GW. New plants coming on stream in the US, Iceland, Indonesia, New Zealand, Turkey and Kenya. The US has the largest geothermal capacity (3 GW or 28.6% of the world total), followed by the Philippines (2GW), Mexico and Indonesia (1 GW each).

Geothermal capacity Megawatts US Philippines Indonesia Mexico Italy810.5 New Zealand Kenya Total

WIND ENERGY

Wind capacity Megawatts US Germany Spain China India Total

ETHANOL ENERGY

BIODIESEL ENERGY (US)

BIODIESEL ENERGY (WORLD)

Decarbonization