The Business of Maps is the Business of MAPPS Kass Green President, Kass Green & Associates Presented at the MAPPS Winter Conference, Las Vegas 1/31/16

2 I. History = 18 years X = 28 years

3 II. Technology Advancement Sonoma County Lidar

4 III. Firm Management Team Member Adaptive, Long Term Mapping Programs High Quality Vegetation and Habitat Maps Research & Report Writing on Vegetation & Habitat Mapping Techniques Development of Protocols for Remote Sensing, Field Data Gathering, Vegetation Classification, and Data Management Consortium Building Funding Plans Communication Strategies Mark Tukman Kass Green Catherine Burton Joan Schwan Jennifer Michaud  Liza Prunuske  Steve Fugate Rob Pedersen Tiffany Meyer Gene Forsburg Experience matrix from the Sonoma County Vegetation Mapping Proposal

5 IV. Networking

6 V. Impact

7 UNITED STATES CODE TITLE 15 CHAPTER 82 – LAND REMOTE SENSING POLICY IV. IMPACT

8 VII. Future Trends As the price declines and ease of use increases, Lidar will become as important if not more important to local, regional and federal governments as optical data. The market for high and very high spatial resolution imagery over developed countries is very different than that over developing countries or those with restricted airspace. Developed countries tend to have a competitive supply of imagery. The supply of civilian imagery over other areas is controlled either by governments or by a small number of commercial satellite firms.

9 Future Trends A very competitive market exists for high resolution imagery over developed countries such as the United States. As a result, the licensed data business model will not be successful in developed countries with robust commercial imagery markets. The market for imagery over developing countries or those with restricted airspace is currently dominated by monopoly providers (Digital Globe and Airbus) and monopsony purchasers (Departments of Defense). As long as competition is absent from this market, the licensing data business model will persist.

10 Future Trends Licensing is a core business model strategy used by commercial satellite companies as a way to protect the large fixed cost investments necessary to build and launch their satellites. Because of the lack of competition in the production of global very high resolution imagery, license restrictions are possible and will continue until more competition arises.

11 Future Trends In addition to Digital Globe and Airbus, numerous firms are planning to launch constellations of high spatial and temporal resolution satellites before the end of this decade. Planet Labs Urethcast - 16 BlackSky Global - 60 Hera Systems – 9 SpaceFlight Industries – 1 OmniEarth – 18 Northstar – 40 Aquila Space - ?

12 Future Trends Over the next 4 years competition in the global high resolution market will become fierce as multiple constellations of small satellites are launched, drone technology advances, and airborne companies invest in developing countries. As a result, producers will look for novel ways to compete with one another. The lower fixed costs and market competition will result in an easing if not total abandonment of licensing restrictions in the global high spatial resolution market.

13 Future Trends The new companies are in love with their technology but novices when it comes to accuracy requirements or the need for calibrated data for change detection. Most of these companies will not compete in the very high spatial resolution space occupied by most MAPPS firms, but they will affect the market.

14 Future Trends The resolution of many of these constellations can meet many of the needs of most development agencies, foundations, and NGOs. If organized, the development sector will be able to drive image acquisitions as well as pricing and licensing policies, much like the defense agencies do today.

15 Friendship