0804-B PQ Training, page 1 Topics of this presentation… What is power quality? In what ways does power quality degrade and what are the consequences? How to setup and operate power quality analyzer to diagnose problems. How to setup software to perform analysis of data recorded by analyzer. What power quality devices does Amprobe offer?

0804-B PQ Training, page 2 What is Power Quality? Deals with safe and efficient delivery of “good quality” electrical power to loads. Good quality power can be described as: –Voltage waveform is undistorted and of specified amplitude and frequency. –Sufficient power to drive all of the connected loads. –Delivered without interruptions. –All carried power can be utilized to do work.

0804-B PQ Training, page 3 Good power turning bad… CauseSome possible effects TechnicalNon-technical Usage of inductive loads (motors, transformers, induction and arc furnaces, fluorescent and discharge lighting, etc.). Power factor reduction.Cost of energy increases. Cost of energy delivery infrastructure increases. Improper selection of cables for carrying power. Usage of non-linear loads such as solid-state power converters, electronic equipment converting AC to DC, discharge lamp lighting, arc furnaces and electric welding machines, VFDs, etc. Introduction of harmonics.Reduced lifespan of transformers. Power outages. Cost of energy delivery infrastructure increases. Operation of any resistive load.Decrease in voltage amplitude.Equipment malfunction. Connecting and disconnecting of loads.Changes in frequency and amplitude. Equipment malfunction or damage Introduction of spikes. Large currents (in-rush currents)Power outages. LightningIntroduction of spikes.Equipment malfunction or damage

0804-B PQ Training, page 4 A few words on safety To avoid electrical shock or fire, check safety instructions in the User’s Manual. All measurements should be performed by a licensed electrician.

0804-B PQ Training, page 5 Safety Standards IEC – low-voltage overvoltage protection (<1000V) Protected electronic circuits. Circuit level and plug-in loads. Power lines at utility connection, outdoors wiring possibly affected by lightning. Voltage rating refers to nominal voltage of an environment (1000V, 600V, 300V…). Distribution level wiring and permanently installed loads. Certifying agencies and standards. CAT rating indicates the level of protection against voltage transients.

0804-B PQ Training, page 6 Overview of steps in using Amprobe analyzer to troubleshoot power quality problems 1.Setup of the analyzer. 2.Connect analyzer to electrical installation. 3.Use meter mode to diagnose the problem or, if problem is intermittent, continue on. 4.Record data. 5.Download data from recorder to computer. 6.Analyze data on computer. Please note, the following instructions are specific to DM-III Multitest. For other devices, please refer to appropriate User’s Manual.

0804-B PQ Training, page 7 Analyzer setup, 1 One-time initial setup. Verify date and time are correct. MENUENTERMENUENTER F1/F2 to scroll down/upF1/F2 to scroll left/right, F3/F4 to change values Labels corresponding to soft-buttons F1-F4. (These will differ for other screens)

0804-B PQ Training, page 8 Analyzer setup, 2 Phase configuration and frequency Set parameters of diagnosed electrical system. SYSTEM: 3PH4W FREQUENCY: 60Hz Set proper current clamp range and type (CT). CURR RANGE: 1000A CLAMP TYPE: STD Set Transformer Voltage (TV Ratio). TV RATIO: 0001 MENUENTERMENUENTER F1/F2 to scroll down/up, F3/F4 to change values F1/F2 to scroll down/up

0804-B PQ Training, page 9 ANALYZER CONFIG CURR RANGE: 3000A CLAMP TYPE: FlexEXT ACF-3000 Analyzer setup, 3 Clamp types In ‘Analyzer Config’ set up appropriate current range and clamp type. ANALYZER CONFIG CURR RANGE: 100A CLAMP TYPE: STD DM-CT-100 ANALYZER CONFIG CURR RANGE: 1000A CLAMP TYPE: STD DM-CT-HTA ANALYZER CONFIG CURR RANGE: 3000A CLAMP TYPE: FlexINT AM-FLEX33

0804-B PQ Training, page 10 Connecting analyzer to electrical installation Make sure: –Rotary switch is in “Power Quality” position. –Current transducers are properly aligned (otherwise, in a power-consuming system, working power (P) readings will be negative). –For recordings, device is plugged into external power supply and batteries are fully charged.

0804-B PQ Training, page 11 Connecting analyzer to electrical installation 1-phase, 2-wire system ANALYZER CONFIG SYSTEM: SINGLE

0804-B PQ Training, page 12 Connecting analyzer to electrical installation 3-phase, 3-wire (delta) system ANALYZER CONFIG SYSTEM: 3P3W

0804-B PQ Training, page 13 Connecting analyzer to electrical installation 3-phase, 4-wire (wye) system ANALYZER CONFIG SYSTEM: 3P4W

0804-B PQ Training, page 14 Using meter mode to diagnose a problem Meter mode allows you to view a snapshot of the system. Easily diagnose power factor, harmonics and other problems. If problem is intermittent, verify that voltage and current probes are properly connected by looking at voltage and current screens. F4 F3 F4 F3 F4 F3 F4 F3 F1 ESC F2 ESC F4 F3 F4 F3 F4 F3 F4 F3 F1 ESC F2 ESC

0804-B PQ Training, page 15 Recording data setup, 1 Start/Stop fields indicate whether manual or scheduled recording start/stop will occur. –You will still need to press START button to activate scheduled recording. Integration period indicates how often the instrument will save acquired data. During each integration period instrument will continuously monitor input and at the end it will store: Minimum, maximum and average values for RMS voltages, currents, powers and power factors. Average value for voltage and current harmonics. –The options are 5s, 10s, 30s, 1min, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 60min. The maximum recording time length depends on integration period and set of parameters chosen. HARM REC indicates if harmonics will be recorded. Individual harmonics can be selected in later screens. ANOM REC indicates if voltage anomalies will be recorded. The reference voltage and limits can be specified in the next screen. ENTERMENUENTER

0804-B PQ Training, page 16 Recording data setup, 2 Choose voltages and currents to be recorded by positioning cursor over parameter and pressing +/- soft-key. If voltage anomalies were enabled, select reference voltage and upper and lower limits for surges/sags. Reference voltage is set phase- to-neutral for all systems with exception of 3-phase, 3-wire for which it is set phase-to- phase. Note: the maximum number of parameters that can be recorded simultaneously is 63. You will receive an error message if you try to start recording with more parameters. F3 HARM: Pg F3 ENTER F3 HARM: Pg ENTER

0804-B PQ Training, page 17 Recording data setup, 3 Enabling recording cogeneration will store power, power factor and energy values separately for consumption and generation. Device allows to separately record inductive and capacitive reactive powers, power factors and energies. F3 POWER:Pg F3 ENTER F3 ENERGY:Pg F3 ENTER

0804-B PQ Training, page 18 Approximate maximum recording times The four parameter configurations are examples; other maximum recording times will vary. For maximum length for a specific configuration, start a recording and press MENU button. The recording durations are APPROXIMATIONS. The times assume memory is empty.

0804-B PQ Training, page 19 Recording data, step 2 If you chose manual start, press START/STOP button. The recording will start at the beginning of the next minute. Patiently wait…

0804-B PQ Training, page 20 Downloading data from recorder to computer, 1 Connect analyzer to a PC using supplied RS-232 cable. If your PC is not equipped with an RS-232 port but has a USB port, there is a USB to RS-232 converter available from Amprobe. (P/N RS-USB)

0804-B PQ Training, page 21 Downloading data from recorder to computer, 2 Start Download Suite. The software needs to be installed prior to use. Windows will not recognize power quality analyzers.

0804-B PQ Training, page 22 Downloading data from recorder to computer, 3 Follow the on-screen instructions to start download.

0804-B PQ Training, page 23 Downloading data from recorder to computer, 4 Select sessions for downloading. Wait for the downloads to complete.

0804-B PQ Training, page 24 Downloading data from recorder to computer, 5 This screen allows you to: –specify where all or some of the downloaded files will be saved –change the default filenames if you don’t like the defaults

0804-B PQ Training, page 25 Downloading data from recorder to computer, 6 Last, choose which of the downloaded files you would like to work with…

0804-B PQ Training, page 26 Analyzing data on the computer Download Suite lets you view data in multiple ways: –historical (trend) tables and graphs –meters –bar graphs for harmonic contents information –and more…

0804-B PQ Training, page 27 What’s in the window Menu and toolbar Navigator List created visualizations. Right-click on visualization to see available actions. Session information Display and edit information about a session. Assistant Easy access to frequently used actions.

0804-B PQ Training, page 28 Creating a visualization using wizards 1. Click on “Create visualization”2. Choose visualization type 3. Choose parameters 4. Enter title

0804-B PQ Training, page 29 Visualization context menu Right-clicking on a visualization will reveal a menu with actions that can be performed. From here you can: –zoom and pan –rename –copy to clipboard –lock cursor –print –change properties Some types of visualizations will have non-applicable actions grayed-out.

0804-B PQ Training, page 30 Chart properties Charts allow you to set parameter colors based on type or phase. Additionally, they can be set either individually or for all charts in a session. There are quite a few attributes that can be controlled through visualization properties (value labels, scaling, displayed series, etc.).

0804-B PQ Training, page 31 Programming device by a PC Available by clicking on File-> Program Device, or through Wizard interface. Allows you to program device much more easily and is quicker than using device’s keypad. Displays device’s status and information. Not all devices support this feature.

0804-B PQ Training, page 32 Real-time Download Suite is capable of acquiring real-time data (with few seconds delay) from devices supporting this feature. This data should only be used in order to verify connections to installation or to get a quick look at the system. The sample rate is too low for any kind of accurate analysis. Most of the visualization features are supported in real-time mode. In order to stop data acquisition, click on Ø button.

0804-B PQ Training, page 33 Power Quality Recorders

0804-B PQ Training, page 34 Power Quality Clamps

0804-B PQ Training, page 35 FAQ Q: Where can I find harmonic signatures for different loads? A: Here are links to some articles on the subject: 1. l - At the bottom of the page, there is a link to a table giving general information about harmonic contributions of different loads. For specifics, refer to equipment manufacturer’s literature. l The waveform distortion signatures paragraph lists some causes for distortion and their signatures Another article with waveform signatures. Q: How can I order Amprobe’s PQ tutorials? A: The tutorials are available for order by phone or by fax The lit code order number is