SubstanceReagentObservation Primary alcohol Cr 2 O 7 2 - Secondary alcohol Cr 2 O 7 2 - Tertiary alcohol Cr 2 O 7 2 - KetoneCr 2 O 7 2 - AldehydesCr 2.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS (Amines)

Advertisements

Amines as nucleophiles and their synthesis

Nitrogen compounds (Chapter 37).

Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia derivatives. Specification from OCR Properties of primary amines Properties of primary amines Amino acids; peptide formation.

ROUTES TO PHENOL A guide for A level students KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING 2008 SPECIFICATIONS.

Amines Ammonia derivatives. Specification from OCR o Explain the basicity of amines in terms of proton acceptance by the nitrogen lone pair. o Describe.

23-1 Preparation  We have already covered these methods nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides by ammonia and amines. addition of nitrogen nucleophiles.

Week 6 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Describe the preparation of aliphatic amines by substitution.

Chapter 11: Amines and Related Nitrogen Compounds The painkiller morphine is obtained from opium, the dried sap of unripe seeps of the poppy Papaver somniferum.

Diazonium Salts Diazonium: there are 2 nitrogen atoms joined together in the positive ion. In French, nitrogen is still called by its old name ‘azote’

Carbonyl Compounds A2 Chemistry Unit 4.

10-1 Chemistry 2060, Spring 2060, LSU Chapter 10: Amines Sections

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CHM 207 CHAPTER 9: AMINES NOR AKMALAZURA JANI.

Azo Compounds. What are azo compounds? Contain the -N=N- group. Where R and R’ are arene groups more stable than alkyl groups. Azo group is stabilised.

Amines Amines are derivatives of ammonia, NH 3. Amines can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary. Primary amines have one carbon attached to.

CONTENTS Prior knowledge Structure and classification Nomenclature Physical properties Basic properties Nucleophilic properties Amino acids Peptides and.

Amines Chem. 108 Chapter  Amines are organic nitrogen compounds, formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia (NH 3 ) with alkyl or.

Specification from OCR

UNIT 4 A2 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MECHANISMS AND REAGENTS.

PHENOL CONTENTS Prior knowledge Synthesis from benzene

Reactions of haloalkanes.. Nucleophilic substitution Halogens are relatively electronegative. So the carbon/halogen bond will be polarised. δ-δ- δ+δ+

Week 6 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Describe the preparation of aliphatic amines by substitution.

The nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule has a lone pair of electrons.

Azo Compounds. What are azo compounds? Contain the -N=N- group. Where R and R’ are arene groups more stable than alkyl groups. Azo group is stabilised.

AMINES. Naming How many chains are coming off the Nitrogen atom in the amine Count the number of carbons in each chain Name each chain as a branch Add.

Nitrogen Compounds Aims: To know that these include amines, amides, nitro compounds, nitriles and amino acids. To know that amines are derivatives of ammonia.

Amines Nomenclature Properties Preparation reactions

AMINES, AMIDES and ANILINE. Amines An amine is a base as well as a nucleophile Some amines are heterocyclic compounds (or heterocycles) Most drugs, vitamins,

Amines Physical Properties of Amines - Amines are moderately polar. For this reason the low formula weight amines.

PHENOL CONTENTS Prior knowledge Synthesis from benzene

Chapter 24. Amines Based on McMurry’s Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition.

Phenol L.O. To explore the effect of an OH group on the reactivity of the benzene ring. To be able to describe and explain the key reactions of phenol.

Natural Products and Classification

Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia derivatives.

Amines and nitro compounds Vladimíra Kvasnicová. Amines = organic derivatives of ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by an.

AMINES L.O.:  What are amines?  How are they named?  How do they react?

1 Chapter 25 Lecture Outline ntroduction 3 2. Structure and Bonding.

What do each of these have in common ? H 2 N C COOH H H.

THE CHEMISTRY OF AMINES By Dr. Nahed Nasser. AMINES CONTENTS Structure and classification Nomenclature Physical properties Basic properties Preparation.

Amines Aliphatic and Aromatic. General Methods yielding mixture of Amines 1. By reacting alkyl halides with ammonia: Substrate: Alkyl halide Reactant:

Chapter 12 Amines Suggested Problems: 24-6,30-32,34-5,36,38,50,54.

Aromatic amines – forming dyes

Amine II. Reactions.

NAMING AMINES These end in –amine. There is, however, rather confusingly two ways of using this suffix. The exam board tend to use the common version where.

Organic Chemistry Second Edition Chapter 23 David Klein Amines

Organic Halides Derivatives of alkanes where one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a halogen.

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Chapter 20 Amines.

Amines Plymstock School P.J.McCormack.

Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3

Describe the reactions of amines with acids to form salts.

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHAPTER 8: AMINES

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

A guide for A level students KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Amines 340 Chem 1st 1439.

Which of the following is NOT a definition of a base?

Organic Chemistry CHEM 145

Presentation transcript:

SubstanceReagentObservation Primary alcohol Cr 2 O Secondary alcohol Cr 2 O Tertiary alcohol Cr 2 O KetoneCr 2 O AldehydesCr 2 O AcidsCr 2 O 7 2 -

Amines L.O:  Explain basicity of amines.  Preparation of aliphatic amines by substitution of halogenoalkanes.  Preparation of aromatic amines by reduction of nitroarenes  Synthesis of azo dyes by diazotisation and coupling.

Amphetamine, phenylephrine and adrenaline are all amines

Ammonia and some common amines

N-methyl propylamine The shortest alkyl contain one carbon atom connected to the N atom, so N- methyl is added as the prefix.

N,N-diethylpropylamine

The four kinds of amines Primary amine: only one carbon chain attached to the nitrogen. Secondary amine: nitrogen attached to 2 carbon chains

Why are amines basic? Amines are weak bases. They are proton acceptors.

Reaction of methylamine as a base

Reaction of phenylamine and nitric acid

Making primary aliphatic amines Halogenoalkanes are gently warmed in a an alcohol solvent with excess ammonia. The reaction proceeds by a nucleophilic substituion mechanism.

Steps involved in making aliphatic amines Step 1: Reacting ammonia with the halogenoalkane Step 2: Removing halogen ions with excess ammonia

Making a secondary amine The lone pair of electrons on the N atom can still attack the δ+ carbon attached to the halogen on another halogenoalkane Tertiary and quaternary amines are likewise also possible

Qs

Reduction of nitrobenzene to make phenylamine (aniline) Nitroarenes can be reduced using a mixture of Sn and concentrated HCl, heated under reflux, followed by neutralisation. [H] represents the reducing agent.

azo dyes Made in two steps: 1)Formation of diazonium ion 2)coupling

1) Diazotisation reaction Nitrous acid (HNO 2 ) is made by reacting sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ) with excess HCl The phenylamine and nitrous acid are then mixed at temps below 10 °C

Coupling Notice that the reaction conditions are alkaline!

E110 is a yellow colouring agent that is commonly added to a variety of foods. E110 contains an azo dye made from an amine and a phenol. Describe how you would prepare a sample of an azo dye in the laboratory from an amine, a phenol and any other necessary reagents. Include in your answer essential reagents and conditions for each stage names of any functional groups formed during the process [7]

1st stage aromatic amine / named aromatic amine / structure (1) sodium nitrite / nitrous acid (1) HCl/H2SO4 (but not conc) /H+ (1) at <10°C (1) which forms a diazonium salt / ion (1) if more than four are given, mark any wrong reagents, conditions first 2nd stage the product from the first stage mixed with the phenol (1) (in excess) hydroxide / alkali (1)