Expansion of Slavery in the South Eli Whitney’s cotton gin greatly increases cotton production and profits in the South Cotton will become the South’s #1 crop At its peak, it will produce 75% of the worlds cotton. Increased production helped support textile mills in the North.

Expansion of Slavery in the South Slaves provide the labor needed to produce the large amounts of cotton. Slaves did a variety of jobs on cotton plantations: Worked in the cotton fields Operated machinery and repaired buildings/equipment Blacksmiths, carpenters, and skilled craftsmen Some females worked in the home Slaves in cities worked in factories, mills, and mines

Expansion of Slavery in the South After 1807, Constitution prohibited bringing new slaves into the US. The price for slaves skyrockets. Average slave would cost $20,000 in today’s money Slaves become a major investment for plantations 75% of Southerners do not own slaves.

Abolition Movement Many people in the North demand an immediate end to slavery; Called abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison starts American Anti-Slavery Society; has over 100,000 members. He writes The Liberator, an abolition newspaper

Abolition Movement Frederick Douglas, an escaped slave, very effective advocate for the end of slavery Harriet Beecher Stowe writes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”. It will sell more copies than the Bible the year it was released.

Underground Railroad Abolition supporters developed a network of escape routes for slaves from the South. Known as the Underground Railroad. Helps some 100,000 slaves escape the South. Harriet Tubman was one of the most famous “conductors” on the railroad.

Southern Opposition South viewed abolition as an attack on their way of life. They supported Fugitive Slave Laws that forced escaped slaves and free blacks back into slavery. Dred Scott was the most famous escaped slave. Went to Supreme Court to gain his freedom Court ruled that Dred Scott was property and not a citizen; was not protected under the laws of the US Forced to return to slavery

Abolition and the Map of the US

Slavery and a Growing Nation Debate begins over allowing new states to have slavery. Northwest Ordinance forbids slavery in the Northwest Territory. How do we divide the Louisiana Territory between Slave and Free?

Missouri Compromise In 1820, the number of free and slave states were equal, 22 each. They had equal representation in the Senate. Missouri requested to be added to the US as a slave state; this would upset the balance. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state. Also restricted slavery in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state. Utah and New Mexico will decide slavery based on popular sovereignty. Increased penalties of the Fugitive Slave Act Outlawed buying and selling of slaves in the federal district.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Divided the Missouri Territory into the Kansas and Nebraska Territory Allowed these territories to decide for themselves whether they wanted slaves or not Known as popular sovereignty

Bleeding Kansas War breaks out in the Kansas territory between pro- slavery and free-soil (against slavery) forces. They were trying to influence the vote for slavery in the state. Most famous battle was the pro-slavery raid on the town of Lawrence; burned the buildings in the town John Brown gets his start here.

John Brown’s Raid John Brown attacks the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry. Hopes to arm the slaves and cause a slave revolt. John Brown gets arrested and is hung. His last words, “I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land can never be purged away but with blood”

Causes of the Civil War Sectional Differences between North and South Country was separated between two regions with different beliefs and ways of life. Abolition Movement in the North Abolitionists threatened the South by calling for the end of slavery.

Causes of the Civil War Territorial Expansion and Issue of Slavery Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas The North and South failed to agree on whether slavery would be allowed in new territory in the United States. The South failed to maintain balance in the Senate.

Causes of the Civil War Election of 1860: Abraham Lincoln becomes President Lincoln publicly declares that he would not allow any new slave states to enter the United States. This is the final straw for the South.

The South Secedes (Breaks Away) South Carolina votes to break away from the United States in December, 1860. Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas by February, 1861 Eventually joined by Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas Kentucky creates a both a Confederate and Union government. It will remain neutral, along with Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware. Confederate States of America is created in 1861, headed by Kentucky born Jefferson Davis.